Report on Marketing

Report on The Qualitative and Quantitative Research Phases: Australia has become well known for its ever increasing market for perfume and also the fact that is world’s leading producer of the same product. Because of the increasing numbers of perfume manufacturers, any business in the industry has to go the extra mile to be able to sustain its market share and achieve growth in the market. Consumer needs and expectations have also changed as more manufactures have come up with better products which are also affordable (James, 2009). Although the market for cosmetics and especially perfume is unisex, that is, it is for both men and women, women provide a bigger market and their perfume needs are just a little bit more than those for men. To cut to the chase, the market for women with regard to cosmetic perfume and especially designer perfume is bigger and more complicated than that of men. As Joseph (2008) says, to understand the dynamics of the designer perfume for women would require one to understand a lot about the consumer behavio r in women. Understanding this will be the key to success for nay business targeting women as the market for (designer) perfume. According to Willson (2009), unlike in the past, designer perfume has become more and more popular even where cost is an issue and continues to displace generic perfume form the shelf. Therefore, the success of any perfume business will in the near future directly depend on how well the business understands the behavior of the consumers. Literature review The market for perfume, as Mc Greggor (2009) is not just growing rapidly but is also changing dynamically and becoming more and more to difficult to understand. This is because perfume, among other things is a fashion item and thereby the product has to keep up with dynamicity of the trends (Wilson, 2008). Designer perfume for women, as James (2010) says, has to keep up with the ever changing trends in women fashion. To understand how a product will perform in the market, it is better to understand that women are very dynamic in their preferences. A woman will need to make sure that the perfume she is wearing on suits the occasion. Joseph (2009)identifies that, unlike men who may not pay attention to detail, women have been known to be keen as to the fragrance they exude and the occasion at hand as well as the cloths she is wearing at the time. As a result, perfume has become an important part of a woman’s wardrobe rather than a part of her makeup table (Moses, 2007). With thi s regard, the past decade has seen designer perfume become more and more popular in the same way as designer clothes. As far as designer items are concerned, the marketer has to know that he or she is stepping on a very fragile and agile ground. The common lesson in designer goods, however, Daniel, (2009) asserts is that cost is an important issue just like any other goods, but in this case the effect is like a double edged sword, cuts both ways. In short, designer goods work almost the same way as giffen goods, the higher the price the more the buyers will be willing to buy. Unfortunately, designer perfume just like designer clothes are not exactly like other giffen goods such as sporting clubs because the market in target and approach is entirely different. This leaves the designer in a position where he has to make a very sensitive decision that could make or break the whole product. Pricing, Steve (2008) points out, is definitely an important factor in designer perfume, not only in terms of how the company will make profits and how the product can be made affordable to the customer, but also in the kind of image it creates for the product. Too cheap and the product will lose its market. As Gibson (2009) says, no self respecting woman want to go around with the fragrance of a cheap perfume. In fact, cheap perfume is associated with prostitution because only them, and especially the cheap ones wear the cheap perfume. To that end, as Darius (2009) urges, designing a designer perfume for women is a very intricate needs that goes beyond just the lab work, but also understanding market conceptions. At the very least, a product will be priced to be within the pocket ability of the potential customer without making it too cheap. Perfume, for ladies is not just good fragrance; it is a fashion statement, a lifestyle statement as well as a statement of who a woman is. Yet, all these are determined by not just how an individual woman thinks, but how her group of frien ds, think and how almost everyone else thinks (Joel, 2009). To be able to design a perfect perfume for the right woman will therefore require that one understands these issues and that they are taken seriously. For instance, traditionally, a woman would be okay to have just one perfume fragrance in her cosmetic armory. However, with recent trends, Gillian (2010), asserts, women prefer to have a variety in order to be able to wear the right fragrance to the right occasion. In other words, perfume has become like outfit that should be changed with time and occasion. This, as Garret (2007) observes, is very important information to the designer because of a number of things. One and very important for the designer to note is that a woman may and will needs more than just one perfume fragrance. In other words, she will need a range of perfume fragrances. However, it is important that the designer knows that these range of fragrances will need to be at least be compatible with each other . David (2009) sees this as an important issue because the ever single consumer will not be comfortable wearing perfumes that are too different. This will then mean that the designer has to come up with a perfume fragrance that is at least within the same range of fragrance. Carlos (2007) in her study identifies that an average woman will have an average of three different perfumes in her cosmetics table. This is because the perfume they she wears to work is not the same she wears to other social functions or when she is just relaxing in her home. One of the reasons that James (2003) has identified for women to choose different perfume fragrances as opposed to just one of them is that wearing one of them makes them predictable. This is very true, as Joel (2009) seconds this in her article and quotes a young woman of about age twenty three complaining that the problem with wearing one perfume is that her boyfriend can almost always tell of her presence just by her perfume. As Gary, ( 2008) points out, one thing that a woman will hate is this kind of predictability and therefore this can only be avoided by wearing different perfumes. The important aspect that a designer has to take careful not of is the fact that the usage behavior changes so should the packaging. According to Thierry (2007) as the use of perfume has been personalized and changed, most people no longer share perfume. One important aspect of designer products is the personalization of the product. As the trend of wearing perfume moves to designer perfume from generic products, so does the consumer behavior. In the past, it was nothing out of the ordinary for people to share perfume. This was because perfume was not a personal thing and was more of a routine thing, just like people take showers because they expire, not necessarily because it is a fashion thing. However, as the trend for wearing perfume has become more of a fashion thing, perfume has become more personal and each individual have the ir own personal brands. This is a trend that has been seen in other products such as soaps, skin jellies, etc which originally was shared but became more personal with time. Designer perfume will then have to put into consideration such factors as the size of packaging as well as type of packaging (Alex, 2009). For instance the size should not be too big because the perfume will expire before it has been full consumed. The packaging should also seek a concealed packaging that allows the user to use without exposing it to the atmosphere and thereby preserve the perfume for longer before it loses its fragrance. Design of the qualitative research The research was geared towards getting information about consumer behavior about women of ages between eighteen years and forty years. In particular, the research was to find out changing trends in perfume consumers and therefore find out how the following factors affect the consumer behavior. Age: this being a very important aspect of the research, the age of the respondents would be very necessary in order to understand how age is or will affect the consumer behavior. Age was expected to affect the consumer behavior in two dimensions. One of these dimensions was that the younger women are just entering the market and have not experienced with the available products so much as compared to the older ladies. The older ladies however, as Godfrey (2009) puts it, may still be nostalgic about products they have used in the past and this may affect their preferences and consumer behavior. The main issue here would be to ask for the age of the respondent. Needless to say, a lot of people and especially women don’t like going around shouting their ages. The younger ones may feel insecure and increase their age to look more mature while the older ones may lower their ages (John, 2004). people are more comfortable with this sort of thing rather than revealing their exact ages . Luckily, there was no need to identify exact ages and therefore age brackets were sued such as ages to 25, 26 to 30 etc. Social Class or Income The other thing that definitely affects consumer choices and preferences is class and the depth of one’s pocket (Gerald, 2009). The research was designed to identify how consumer preferences would be affected by the financial status of the potential consumer. This information would be very important because it can then be sued along with economic data available from various institutions to make strategic market decisions. The research was to identify the different drives that would useful in delivering a market condition that creates a special market need that could be met in a special way. Again, the challenge met here was how to get this information without making the respondents to feel like their privacy is being invaded. As such, income brackets were used to get income information for respondents rather than asking the respondents to give exact figures. To identify the social class the responds may be coming from, they were asked open equations where they would give the m ost comfortable answer. While this is usually tricky because the respondents can and do in fact give ambiguous answers, the trade off is that the answers are more honest and therefore reliable. Questions asked What do you look for in a perfume? This question was designed to identify how exactly a woman regards her perfume. With the answers given here, one can be able to identify how the market for perfume and generally designer perfume is growing or declining. This question helps to understand the thoughts that a woman has with regard to what a perfume can and should do for her. As simple as the question may seem, it can provide invaluable insights into what a woman will be looking for in a perfume. The answers range from comfort, confidence, class or even relaxation. This can help to identify which age groups and ort classes look for which traits in a perfume (Wilson, 2008). Would you consider having two or more perfumes on your cosmetics table? This question is almost like a follow-up on the first question. The aim is to identify how consumer behavior is changing with regard to perfume consumption. This is very important for a perfume designer and this new trend that any designer should be aware of. By discovering that that there is enough market for people who need a range of perfume fragrances on their cosmetic table is like a gold mine. This question is designed to identify whether there is a solid market niche or a developing market that could be met. This is very important for strategic market leadership which could give the designer an upper hand in the market. What does a perfume mean to you? This question, in its simplicity can help draw a line between those who are potential market for designer perfume and those who are not. To an ordinary modern woman, perfume may mean class, wealth and self respect. In such a case, it then becomes very evident that such a woman would be the potential customer for designer perfume. This kind of information is helpful in generating a projection of the size and needs of the designer perfume market (Luke, 2010). Does wearing a designer perfume make you feel more important? A follow up to the preceding question, this question brings out the real feeling that the respondent may have with regard to her perfume. Not only that, it is a confirmation to the preceding question and the validity of the answer to the preceding question is dependent of the answer to this question. If the respondent gives two answers that are incompatible, the answers may have to be regarded as dishonest and undependable. Do you prefer designer perfume to generic perfume, do you have any reservations? This question is supposed to deliver the respondent’s attitudes towards designer perfume. If the respondent has any issues with designer perfume, such as the packaging, pricing or creativity that will clearly come out here as the question is semi open. This question is like a guide to the respondent to make her forget that it is an interview and explore her true feelings about the subject or object, in this case designer perfume being the subject and object. This, as Stephen (2009) points out, is absolutely necessary because when such an interview is too open or too closed in terms of questions asked, the respondent is more likely to give answers that she thinks are politically correct rather than give honest responses. Would you be willing to spend more to get designer perfume instead of generic brands? Instead of a Yes or No answer, a genuine answer will include an explanation. A person who is really a designer perfume fan will go on to explain why she would be willing to dig deeper into her purse to get designer perfume and ignore the generic perfume. This will be a culmination to identify the real designer perfume consumer. Can you say your perfume usage has changed in the last two years? This question is designed to determine how the market for perfume is changing over time. It is a confirmation of whether or not the average consumer is changing her consumer trends with regard to perfume usage. Findings from the qualitative research Market dynamicity The research showed a dynamic market that is changing at a higher rate. More respondents admitted to have changed the way they use perfume within the last one to two years. For instance, a majority admitted to have been concerned about other issues about a perfume more than just the fragrance. The more open respondents said they unlike in the past, they were now curious to know the chemical components of the perfume and be assured that there are no side effect, either immediate or long-term. Another important issue that was imminent was that most of the respondents especially ages twenty five to forty said they would wear the most expensive perfume they can afford as this sends a message of class, self respect and wealth. As a result, the more successful women showed a tendency to be more careful with the perfume they wear and therefore more appreciative of designer perfume. Identification of new market needs Those respondents who showed a greater interest in designer perfume showed that they were interested in the availability of well designed fragrance range that can allow them to wear several designer perfumes without ending up with clashing fragrances. This is especially important given the fact that the fragrance of a perfume seems to persist and therefore is one switch between two conflicting fragrances she might end up with a messy odor. This is important information for any designer and should be taken into consideration when designing the perfume. The finding that more perfume especially designer perfume users are now using more than one fragrances is on that will revolutionize the art (or science) of perfume manufacturing. Now, developing a new product in the design perfume category will require that the designer consider using more than just one product in order to give the customers a range for changing. The other important finding was the finding on pricing. Pricing of designer perfume will be just as important as designing it, and it will also have the same importance in determining how successful the product will be in the market. Mall intercept interviews The design would involve identifying potential respondents to interview and giving them an open and polite invite to answer the questions. Because it is in a mall and the responds will definitely not have planned for this and therefore hardly be able to spare time for the interview, the data collection part should be as simple as possible to allow the respondents not to feel like their time is being wasted. Venue The venue would be at a shopping mall, but just for convenience, there would be set up a desk where those respondents willing to participate would be invited to. Intercepting strangers and convincing them for an interview is not easy, people fell that they are wasting their time. To make it worse, as Evans (2010) says, the fact that they are strangers leaves them with no social bond that makes them feel obliged to be nice to the person asking. While many people may not realize, this means that if one is not careful, he or she may end up interviewing only the Mr. and Mrs. Nice who are just too nice to turn off anybody. The problem with Mr. and Mrs. Nice is that their niceness goes a long way and therefore this may mean that they will only give nice answers in the interview (Fredrick, 2009). Needless to point out, this is no good for any research. Research requires honest responses from people who are not afraid of speaking their minds no matter what others think. To avoid just fetchin g nice respondents who will only give nice answers, the research will depend of confident, authoritative people to intercept these potential respondents. The person inviting the respondents has to always remember to indicate that the research is to help the company give them even better services (everybody wants to hear that they can get better services), and of course, that is true (Davidson, 2009). The respondents will then be invited to the desk where they will answer simple well designed questions from a questionnaire that is designed to be easy to fill, thus taking least time possible. To include: 1. Age of respondent 2. Income bracket of the respondent 3. Product preference 4. Any unmet needs 5. Expectations in future products Questionnaire How often do you change your perfume? How often do you wear you perfume, (twice a day, once a day, as many times as possible)? What do you look for in a perfume? Do you have any unmet needs that you think future products should meet? What would make you choose designer perfume over generic perfume? With regard to price, where do you think the boundaries should be placed? Expected findings The research would most likely connect older women with different needs for designer perfume than those who are much younger. The explanation could be that that the older women are definitely experienced and may know exactly what to look for in a perfume. Not only that, they are definitely richer because they’ve been around long enough to make money and therefore may not shy away from the more expensive designer perfume. Apart from that, they are busier in terms of the functions they attend to such as business meetings, official parties, office etc, unlike the younger girls who may have much more regular and less official lives (Allan, 2009). Still, the findings could most probably show that there is a new trend for users to user a set of or at least a range of perfume for different purposes. It would also show that as the market expands, the needs are changing very fast, requiring the designer to have to come up with different ways to catch up and be at par with the consumer. Ethical considerations With research, ethical considerations are very important because it is always easy for the researcher to step over the respondent’s sensitive areas (Bernard, 2009). While market research is not as prone to this as other scientific researches, there are still issues to look out for, such as the respondent’s privacy. As (Jackson, 2009) says, most people feel violated and their privacy invaded is asked questions that may seem too personal. As a result, it will be important for the questionnaires to have questions that are not offensive. The questions should not intrude into the respondent’s private life and should show that the respondent is respected. The respondents should not be blackmailed or otherwise forced or tricked into answering the questions.

The Differential Theory And Social Control Theory

Introduction: will briefly describe how the differential theory and social control theory link to prostitution â€Å"Prostitution is the continual supply of physical sexual intercourse of some kind in direct exchange for material rewards, usually money† (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 2012, p. 1) It is a corrupt way of producing one’s financial or personal gains. Women and men enter this line of business due to various reasons, which results with various types of prostitutes, such as; high-end escorts, third world sex slaves and street prostitutes. Prostitution is a sustained cycle due to numerous pros and cons such as; job satisfaction, quick cash, sex slavery, and to fuel drug addictions. This is supported by Robert Merton’s modes of adaption theory. Prostitutes who willingly end up in the sex trade is because of bad experiences with family and friends, hanging out with the wrong people, having no intentions for a healthy future, involvement with wrong activities a nd wrong beliefs. This is supported by the Hirschi’s bond theory. This paper will indicate how Merton’s, mode of adaption theory and Hirschi’s bond theory are able to explain prostitutes. 1st paragraph: will be discussing what the modes of adaption theory are Robert Merton’s strain theory contains five adaption styles, which are known as the modes of adaption theory. The theory consists of conformity, innovation, ritualism and retreatism. Out of the five, innovation and retreatism can be used to explain whyShow MoreRelatedA Norm Is A Rule Of Behavior Of Individuals In Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagessociety or groups, Emile Durkheim sociological founder considered norms to be social factors that exist in individual’s society of independence that creates the shapes of our behaviors and thoughts (Crossman, 2017). 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10 Facts About Chongqing, China

Chongqing is one of Chinas four direct-controlled municipalities (the others are Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin). It is the largest of the municipalities by area and it is the only one that is located far away from the coast. Chongqing is located in southwestern China within Sichuan Province and shares borders with Shaanxi, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. The city is known as being an important economic center along the Yangtze River as well as a historical and cultural center for the country of China. Population: 31,442,300 (2007 estimate)Land area: 31,766 square miles (82,300 sq km)Average elevation: 1,312 feet (400 m)Date of creation: March 14, 1997 10 Must-Know Facts Chongqing has a long history and historical evidence shows that the region was originally a state belonging to the Ba People and that it was established in the 11th century B.C.E. In 316 B.C.E., the area was taken over by the Qin and at that time a city called Jiang was built there and the region the city was in was known as the Chu Prefecture. The area was then renamed two more times in 581 and 1102 C.E.In 1189 C.E. Chongqing got its current name. In 1362 during Chinas Yuan Dynasty, a peasant rebel named Ming Yuzhen formed the Daxia Kingdom in the region. In 1621 Chongqing became the capital of the kingdom of Daliang (during Chinas Ming Dynasty). From 1627 to 1645, much of China was unstable as the Ming Dynasty began to lose its power and during that time, Chongqing and Sichuan Province were taken over by the rebels overthrowing the dynasty. Shortly thereafter the Qing Dynasty took control of China and immigration to the Chongqing area increased.In 1891 Chongqing became an important economic center in China as it became the first inland open to trade from outside China. In 1929 it became a municipality of the Republic of China and during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945, it was attacked heavily by the Japanese Air Force. However much of the city was protected from damage because of its rugged, mountainous terrain. As a result of this natural protection, many of Chinas factories were moved to Chongqing and it quickly grew into an important industrial city.In 1954 the city became a sub-provincial city within Sichuan Province under the Peoples Republic of China. On March 14, 1997, however, the city was merged with the neighboring districts of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang and it was separated from Sichuan to form Chongqing Municipality, one of Chinas four direct-controlled municipalities.Today Chongqing is one of the most important economic centers in western China. It also has a diversified economy with major industries in processed food, automobi le manufacturing, chemicals, textiles, machinery, and electronics. The city is also the largest area for the manufacture of motorcycles in China.As of 2007, Chongqing had a total population of 31,442,300 people. 3.9 million of these people live and work in the urban areas of the city while the majority of the people are farmers working in areas outside the urban core. In addition, there is a large number of people who are registered as residents of Chongqing with Chinas National Bureau of Statistics of China, but they have not yet officially moved into the city.Chongqing is located in western China at the end of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The region of Chongqing also includes several mountain ranges. These are the Daba Mountains in the north, the Wu Mountains in the east, the Wuling Mountains in the southeast and the Dalou Mountains in the south. Because of all of these mountain ranges, Chongqing has a hilly, varied topography and the average elevation of the city is 1,312 feet (40 0 m).Part of Chongqings early development as an economic center of China is due to its geographic location on large rivers. The city is intersected by the Jialing River as well as the Yangtze River. This location allowed the city to develop into easily accessible manufacturing and trading center.The municipality of Chongqing is divided into several different subdivisions for local administrations. There are for example 19 districts, 17 counties and four autonomous counties within Chongqing. The total area of the city is 31,766 square miles (82,300 sq km) and most of it consists of rural farmland outside of the urban core.The climate of Chongqing is considered humid subtropical and it has four distinct seasons. Summers are very hot and humid while winters are short and mild. The average August high temperature for Chongqing is 92.5 F (33.6 C) and the average January low temperature is 43 F (6 C). Most of the citys precipitation falls during the summer and since it is located Sichuan Basin along the Yangtze River cloudy or foggy conditions are not uncommon. The city is nicknamed the Fog Capital of China. Reference Wikipedia.org. (23 May 2011). Chongqing - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Essay about Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie - 2032 Words

Symbolism is a type of literary device authors use to add special effect and meaning to their stories. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, symbolism is â€Å"The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships (â€Å"symbolism†).† Objects, people, actions, and words often are used to symbolize a deeper meaning throughout the text of a story. As one reads a story, they must realize that each sentence they are reading could have a double meaning; this means that further thought is often necessary, on the part of the reader, to better understand the whole effect the author was trying to portray. Tennessee Williams wrote The Glass Menagerie in a†¦show more content†¦Laura can relate to the menagerie in many aspects, but most clearly seen by the reader is how both Laura and the menagerie are viewed for their outside appearance and actions only. Laura is a tim id, bland character around unfamiliar faces; however, she is also full of mysterious talents and joys that are only visible to those whom choose to look at her in the right light. This is true also for the glass figurines. Although the figurines seem plain and dull, when looking at them through the right light, one can see a range of beautiful colors shining through. The glass menagerie relates in many ways to Laura. The similarities between the glass figurines and the girl are inevitable. The relation between the two is so important that Laura’s character introduction talks about the glass menagerie. Laura’s character description states that â€Å" [l]uara’s separation increases till she is like a piece of her own glass collection, too exquisitely fragile to move from the shelf† (Williams, 1153). This holds very true for Laura because as the story progresses she becomes weaker and weaker until finally she is so fragile, like the menagerie, that sh e no longer has strength to do anything on her own. Although the glass menagerie is the main symbol that is visible throughout the text of the story, there are many other symbols dispersed in the reading. Out of all the figurines in The Glass Menagerie, there is one particular figurine that representsShow MoreRelated Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead More Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From the beginning, the figure of the narrator shows that Williams play will not follow the conventions of realistic theater. The narrator breaks the conceptual quot;fourth wallquot; of naturalistic drama by addressing the audience directly. Tom also tells us that he is going to give the audience truth disguised as illusion, making the audience conscious of the illusory quality of theater. By playing with the theme of memory and itsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesImagination or Illusion Can Create Big Trouble The Glass Menagerie is a five-character memory play written by Tennessee Williams in 1945. The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda, his sister Laura, and his friend Jim O’Connor as a gentleman caller. There is a fifth character in the play, Tom’s father who doesn’t appear except in the photograph frame. Among them one of the most interesting charactersRead MoreSymbolism in the Glass Menagerie Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays a fundamental part in Tennessee Williams’s play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through recognition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesto many. His experiences in the 1930s affected his work. Williams’s homosexuality made him be seen as an outcast in American society. Tennessee Williams utilizes symbolism to express his themes throughout The Glass Menagerie. There are many events in Tennessee Williams’s early life that is similar to the details in The Glass Menagerie. Williams had a bad relationship with his father, who was clinically alcoholic (Debusscher 1). Williams’s dysfunctional family plays a role towards his homosexualityRead More Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is an integral part of every play. The author uses symbolism in order to add more depth to the play. In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, he describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world. The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Everyone in the play seeks refuge from their lives, attempting to escape into an imaginary world. Williams uses the fireRead More Essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie1171 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays an integral part in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through regonition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. Throughout the play, Tom WingfieldRead MoreGlass Menagerie Symbolism Essay2502 Words   |  11 PagesIn his drama, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams uses symbolism in order to develop multi-faceted characters and to display the recurring themes of the play. These various symbols appear throughout the entire piece, and they are usually disguised as objects or imagery. They allow the reader to know the characters#8217; personalities, and their true inside characteristics. These symbols also add to the major themes, which develop as the play gains momentum. In the drama, symbols play theRead MoreSymbolism In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams858 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected his work especially in The Glass Menagerie. Williams’s homosexuality made him be seen as an outcast in American society. Not to mention that homosexuality was not as widely accepted as it is today. The writing style of Williams creates a unique and great story. Tennessee Williams utilizes s ymbolism to express his themes throughout The Glass Menagerie. There are many events in Tennessee Williams’s early life that is similar to the details in The Glass Menagerie. Williams had a bad relationshipRead More The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie  Ã‚      Tom Wingfield is the narrator and a major character in Tennessee William’s timeless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the viewer gets a glance into the life of his family in the pre-war depression era; his mother, a Southern belle desperately clinging to the past; his sister, a woman too fragile to function in society; and himself, a struggling, young poet working at a warehouse to pay the bills. Williams has managed

Jean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development

Jean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideas of adapting in the world through assimilation, accommodation, and disequilibrium that may results. These ideas will be accompanied by examples and significance to the classroom. I will conclude with a summary of all the points previously discussed. As introduced, the distinguished Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget, is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development. Author Barry J. Wadsworth (1996) wrote about Piaget’s vast contributions to the understanding of children’s intellectual development and though his initial interest was in biology, the idea that the development of children’s intelligence could be studied experimentally by examining their thinking and reasoning peaked his research interest into this field (p.6). Throughout his research, Piaget was more interested in the qualitative, not quantitative, characteristics of development. He was concerned with how a child came to understand the knowledge and material, not with how much the child knew (p. 7).Show MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory encompasses developmentRead MoreJean Piaget s Influence On Children844 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was born on the 9th of August in 1896. He lived in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland, with his mother and father. Jean had a fairly interesting life and he was incredibly smart showing from a very young age. This most likely had to do with his living conditions. He is most likely known for his study on children and their thought process, as well as coming up with the cognitive theory. In 1896, Rebecca Jackson and Arthur Piaget gave birth to their first born, Jean Piaget. His mother encouragedRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thoughtRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Piaget is a well-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive development, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristicsRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshave contributed to the study of Psychology. One of these great contributors is Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. He is mostly known for his theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the mostRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for theirRead MorePiaget s Theory On Stages Of Developmental Psychology1039 Words   |  5 PagesRufino English 101 9 December, 2015 Piaget Today â€Å"Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be.† ― Toni Sorenson Jean Piaget was a leader in the field of developmental psychology, the study of how people grow. Instead of continuing the Freud s work with psychoanalysis, as many psychologists and philosophers did at the time, Piaget stayed â€Å"closer to his teacher Pierre Janet s psychology†

Sociology and Social Science Research Proposal

Question: Discuss about theSociology and Social Science for Research Proposal. Answer: Research Proposal Introduction The purpose of this considered research proposal is to outline an apt research hypothesis through which the entire research study will be conducted. In other words, as per Creswell (2013), a research proposal is supposed to showcase the problem or the issue that is going to be investigated throughout the study. Alongside, a research proposal aims to specify the distinct research design and individual methods which will help to pursue the research in future. The present research proposal is going to pronounce the particular research question topic for the entire research, which is to identify the distinct way through which university students generally use online media YouTube. To establish the questions, the proposal is going to outline and analyze the particular theoretical groundwork for the proposed study. Most significantly, the proposal is supposed to recognize key methods of conducting the research through presenting a brief research plan. In addition, the proposal will consequ ently diagnose resolutions to resolve the ethical issues. In the current scenario of the academic world is indicative of the fact that students are nowadays are more inhabitant with digital media which they use as a vital tool for getting academic content or information (Karpinski et al. 2013). Among other online media, YouTube is considered to be one of the most distinguished user generated data provider. The media has been praised widely for uploading videos of about 100 hours per minute to the server and most importantly the channel has achieved more than 1 billion users. It has been considered that a giant portion of those YouTube visitors are the academic students. References Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Karpinski, A.C., Kirschner, P.A., Ozer, I., Mellott, J.A. and Ochwo, P., 2013. An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European university students.Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), pp.1182-1192.

Rules Of Relationships In Of Mice And Men And The Breakfast Club Essay Example For Students

Rules Of Relationships In Of Mice And Men And The Breakfast Club Essay Rules of RelationshipKyle and I decided to research relationships as they are portrayed in movies for our presentation. Between us, we watched The Breakfast Club, Dead Poets Society, Fried Green Tomatoes and Of Mice and Men. Today Im going to discuss how rules of relationships were used in The Breakfast Club and Of Mice and Men. I will list the rules portrayed in these movies and provide you with insight on the happenings of each movie. I think that The Breakfast Club and Of Mice and Men did an excellent job of demonstrating the rules of relationships. Of Mice and Men is a classic story with a timeless message. Its very good movie and novel.This movie is great drama for anyone from thirteen to ninety-nine years of age. In Of Mice and Men, there are two rugged men, Lenny and George, who are good friends. Lenny, played by John Malkovich, is a soft spoken, big, and gentle character, who is unfortunately mentally disabled. Because of Lennys problem keeping a job, the brothers are forced to move frequently.Lenny likes to touch things that appear to be soft or comforting to touch: hair for example. Lenny loves animals. George, played Gary Sinise, tries his hardest to be a good friend. He seems to be trapped by the fact of having a life that is full of unhappy things. George is about 35-40 years old. He is hard working, trustworthy, patience, caring, and a very responsible man. Throughout the movie, George seems to have gotten the short end of the stick. At the same time, I feel that Georges meeting Lenny also had a positive impact on Geo rge. George learned a great deal of patience from his friendship with Lenny. This story ends in trajedy. George is forced to do what he thinks is best for all by killing Lenny after Lenny accidently killed a woman. With Lennys death, George is given a chance to move on with his life and not have to worry about taking care of his friend. The other movie Im going to discuss is The Breakfast Club. This movie would be enjoyed by people ranging in age from junior high to middle aged. Its more of a younger portrayal of how life was and is in high school. Its a story of how five supposedly completely different students end up in detention on a Saturday and how they discover and use their similarities to make the day more enjoyable. As the story progresses, they learn not only about each other but also about themselves. In The Breakfast Club, Andrew Clark, the jock played by Emilio Estevez , always seems to be pleasing other people: his father, his coach, his friends. They all see him as a person that he doesnt necessarily WANT to be. Rather than disappoint them, he simply becomes who they think he is. This creates a lot of internal anger, which surfaces often throughout the movie. Brian Johnson, Anthony Michael Hall, excels academically but has little self-confidence to show for it. He tends to be hard on himself, and cant handle failure. Straight-laced and timid, he rarely bends the rules. My favorite character in the movie, by far, is John Bender, played by Judd Nelson. He has a lot of issues he doesnt care to talk about, and he deals with them by using dry humor and sarcasm. Allison Reynolds is a basket case. Shes screwed up. One things for sure, Allison Reynolds, played by Ally Sheedy, LOVES attention. So shes got her quirks. She uses dandruff as snow on a picture shes drawn. She eats Capn Crunch and sugar from a Pixie Stix on bread as a sandwich. She doesnt speak for the first half of the movie, and when she finally does start talking, she doesnt stop. Allison l eaves you wondering who she really is, but weird or not, shes certainly likable! Claire Standish, the spoiled brat played by Molly Ringwald, reminds me of the girls that I couldnt stand in high school! She places herself above everyone else in the movie. Sure, shes got her problems, just like all teenagers. But somehow, to everyone else, her familys wealth and power and her alliance with the in crowd seems to diminish whatever problems she may have. To the other characters, shes just conceited Claire. .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .postImageUrl , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:visited , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:active { border:0!important; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:active , .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48d434d32a3ca939fef16bce25ca583f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay Dreams The Breakfast Club takes place Saturday, March 24, 1984 in Shermer High School. Shermer High School is located in the town of Shermer, Illinois.Of Mice and Men takes place in California sometime in the 1800s. It was never exactly stated when it took place, but it was when slavery was still in use. I chose to apply the Rules of Relationships according to Argyle and Henderson. The Rules of Relationships is defined in eleven rules, listed on page 261 of the Communications Mosaics textbook. A few of the rules are as follows, stand up for a friend when they arent around, share your successes and how you feel about them, give emotional support, and trust and confide in one another. In Of Mice and Men, I found that eight of the rules were used. For the most part George is always sticking up for and defending Lenny, giving support, trust and confiding in Lenny, helping him, making him feel good, is not too critical of Lenny, protects Lennys confidences, and leaving his faults alone. Lenny uses what he knows as far as rules of relationships go. Lenny is mentally challenged, so he does what he can by giving support and just being a good guy. In The Breakfast Club, three of these rules are used. They all give one another emotional support, they trust and confide in each other, and they m ake each other feel good. In The Breakfast Club, they fight, but now matter what theyre talking about, they seem to take sides and defend their case. Although Bender made Claire cry, he gave her support soon there after. All the teens trust and confide in each other by telling what they did to end up in detention. Each of them seems to have a terrible story of why or how they ended up in detention. Each story has great weight on ruining who they are or ruining their reputation. To help his new friends feel good, Bender gets everyone high off of smoking weed in the movie. In The Breakfast Club not many of the Rules of Relationships were displayed, but that is greatly due to the fact that they began as strangers put together by circumstances beyond their control and grew to become friends through the course of the movie. Rules of relationships describe how an ideal relationship would be. A movie uses some of these rules, but for dramatic and real-to-life purposes relationships like this arent usually seen. I think that The Breakfast Club shows us what more modern relationships act like. Of Mice and Men gives us a more sincere, true-to-life feeling of true friendship. I think that a movie like The Breakfast Club may not have a profound impact on the American way of life, but for now and maybe for another short while longer, this movie will display how high schools function. Of Mice and Men is a timeless movie, which displays friendship to be a great thing. The ethics of both these movies show possible ways that relationships develop and demonstrate how members of a relationship should treat each other.