Letting Go of Home - 1107 Words

The East has a preoccupation with losing their home and the West is on a quest to recover it. However, the West can accept that the home they seek may not exist anymore and imagine a future without it whereas the East can see no acceptable alternative. We can see this when we compare Salman Rushdie’s At The Auction of the Ruby Slippers (ATARS) to his The Prophet’s Hair. The West is trying to reclaim the home they have lost and the East is trying to stop the home they have from slipping away. Both stories contain portraits of a better past. However, ATARS is referencing the past of the West, whereas The Prophet’s Hair is referencing the present of the East. ATARS is related to the reader by a single character, as it happens, in the†¦show more content†¦The Gale the narrator loves is not the real Gale, who he recently saw at the bar, but his idea of what their home would be if they had stayed together. He realizes this. In The Prophet’s Hair, the instinct of the family is to piece their home back together, not to move away from the destructive force of Hashim and The Prophet’s Hair. An alternative to family is never considered because the East cannot see a future without home. This seems like a trite observation, because it is likely that there is a reason they never considered leaving - a cultural reason. Perhaps it was unthinkable in their society for a family to desert its male leader, but this is exactly the point. They never consider an alternative because of the context of the culture. The fact that the narrator of ATARS can see that his home may no longer exist, gives him the perspective to see an alternative, that the East cannot. The reason that the East cannot see the alternatives to its home that the West can is because that alternative is based on two ideas central to Western culture: freedom and the free market. ATARS ends with the narrator feeling a â€Å"reduction in weight†, â€Å"a floating† (102). The final passage is full of phrases which connote lightness: â€Å"weightlessness†, â€Å"float away† and letting go: â€Å"lie down [...] to rest† (102). The narrator finds resolution of his need for home in his freedom. The final passage of ATARS alsoShow MoreRelatedAn Ideas Critique Focuses On The Story Not As What It Is1043 Words   |  5 Pagesabout her home life, her special connection with her dogs and how her life is this sort of controlled chaos. Another thing that is talked about heavily is her relationships with the people in her department and it goes in depth on how close she actually is with some of them. Beard, on top of all of that, manages to keep it all connected to this theme that she is just far too afraid to let go of anything that she gets attached to. From her dog, to her husband, she just cannot seem to let go. Jo AnnRead MoreWhy Refugees Deserve A Home1217 Words   |  5 PagesMaddie Stein, Weston Press Scott Correll Core 8 Why Refugees Deserve a Home Imagine that you are in your home, and you hear a bomb go off. You then hear countless horrific sounds of guns going off and explosives detonating. You look outside and you see your home, your country, ruined. Then you realise that you can;t stay in your country much longer or else you and your family will get killed. You know that you are about to become a refugee. Believe it or not, this is not uncommon. According to AlRead MoreThe Case For Free Range Parenting845 Words   |  4 PagesTimes, Clemens Wergin discusses should children go out without parents or older people supervision. Wergin said parents don’t need to be with their children when they go out, and he thinks it can help child easier to fit in a new community. However, that is illegal in U.S, and most American children spent their free time at home. 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I shall prove to you that actively killing someone is morally worse than letting someone die. Anyone who believes that God exist would agree that no one has the right to play God. No matter how you put it active euthanasia is still a form of murder. Thou shall not kill, I am sure you all have heard of that before. Giving a physicianRead MoreYoga And Leadership Related Leadership1116 Words   |  5 Pagesday. A purposeful leader understands the impact they have on society. Whether it is waiting 5 seconds before entering a building to open the door for someone, helping serve the homeless, or traveling to the poorest countries of the world to build homes. Anybody has the power to impact the world. 2. Empowering As a leader, it is your job to stand up against certain challenges, even if speaking up may be difficult. Leaders are responsible for motivating individuals to take initiative and problem solveRead MoreTheme Of Soldiers Home By Ernest Hemingway1018 Words   |  5 Pages In the short stories â€Å"Soldier’s Home† and â€Å"In Another Country† Ernest Hemmingway shows us some of the scars war can have on a solider. A theme that â€Å"Soldier’s Home† and â€Å"In Another Country† has in common, dealing with the effect of War World 1 is the unwilling feeling to love and socialize with those around them. In â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, Harold Krebs, the main character, continuously shows himself pushing his family away. Alienating himself from his family that see him as a hero. In â€Å"In Another Country†

Hospital Infection Control A Systematic Literature Review

Hospital Infection Control: A Systematic Literature Review of Health Care-Acquired Infections As the scientific and health communities continue to march on with their efforts to identify, research, and thus educate the rest of the world, it is in an ongoing effort to acknowledge new information and allow its application into todays care practices. Taking the opportunity to attend any plethora of medical conferences is a good way to learn about new studies, technology, and changes in practice. For those of us who do not have that kind of time, the internet can be a valuable source for literature. One area of continued review and revisions to be researched is in the branch of infection control, but more specifically the rate and result of the physical, emotional, and financial toll of health-care acquired infections in hospital settings. Following recent and accumulative research will allow us to figure out the most proficient and cost-effective way to reduce the risk of HAI. I first began my search by typing in such phrases as â€Å"infection control†, â€Å"preventin g health-care associated infections†, â€Å"hospital-acquired infections†, â€Å"infection control and nursing†, â€Å"hospital-acquired infections statistic in Florida†, and â€Å"infection control reduction in nursing†. I was beginning to see that there was an astounding amount of resources to cover so I began to filter threw them in regards to the causes of infection in hospitalized patients, the rate of infections, and solutions toShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of Central Line Infections1588 Words   |  7 PagesPart A Central line infections (also known as central line-associated bloodstream infection), takes place when germs get into the bloodstream via a central line. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) continue to be one of the most deadly and costly hospital-associated infections in the United States. It costs Americans thousands of billions of dollars each year in treating patients who have developed the condition. Nevertheless, these infections are preventable if proper care isRead MoreCatheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection1445 Words   |  6 PagesCatheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is defined as the occurrence of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with a urinary catheter in the past 48 hours. Published guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) further defines CAUTI by the presence of significant bacteriuria of ≠¥ 103 CFU/ml found in the urinalysis and signs and symptoms of a UTI without the presence of another c ause for these findings. 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The use of patient isolation and contact precautions for MRSA is a controversial issue resulting from evidence that both supports and discredits this practice. This paper advocates for further high quality research on MRSA infection control and the discontinuation of routine contact precautions for MRSA dueRead MoreA Research Study On Cdc Guidelines And Quality Management Members Assessed Compliance1273 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough a literature review was not specifically provided in it’s own section, overall general concepts were mentioned and referenced as a reason for the study. The researchers did focus extensively on articles that covered central line associated infects, hospital infection control and implementation of catheter bundles. Of the 36 articles referenced, 26 of them were dated between 2010 and 2015, and the remaining 10 were dated between 2002 and 2009, therefore the time frames for these articlesRead MoreEssay On Nursing Prevention1449 Words   |  6 Page scatheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) or the ability to implement IUC alternatives. Critical care patients may require IUC usage due to diagnosis, need for accurate hourly intake and output measurements, or other specified documented reasons. The risk of acquiring a catheter associated urinary tract infections is a result of IUC usage. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections reports that the risk of developingRead MoreEvidence Based Practice ( Ebp ) Process ( Cowell ) Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature reviews provide adequate supporting evidence for the evidence-based practice (EBP) process (Cowell, 2016). By using the information obtained from the literature review, that supports the topic, one can evaluate a situation and arrive at the problem that needs a solution. Therefore, an appropriate technique is necessary when searching for the right literature and evidence (C owell, 2016). Search Method The literature search helps to identify and retrieve studies to find out informationRead MoreInspections Spread through Direct Contact733 Words   |  3 PagesMost healthcare-associated infections are spread through direct contact, mainly through the hands of healthcare workers (Gould et al., 2010). Hand hygiene can prevent health care associated infection. The aim of hand hygiene through hand washing is to sufficiently reduce the microorganisms on the skin to prevent cross transmission. Hand hygiene, Infection prevention and control should be incorporated into every aspect of healthcare, this can be done using evidence based practise. Evidence based practiseRead MorePICO Research Paper Tap water vs. Saline1692 Words   |  7 Pageson the use of tap water versus sterile cleansing solutions such as Normal Saline and sterile water. Many cleansing solutions are safe and have been proven to provide effective results, whereas others may damage the tissue, destroy cells, increase infect ion rates and delay the healing process. Normal saline is regarded as the most appropriate and preferred cleansing solution by health care providers because it is nontoxic, isotonic solution that does not damage healing tissue. However, tap water isRead MoreMrsa Research Paper1689 Words   |  7 PagesMRSA Prevention in American Hospitals: A Review of the Literature Jenny Niemann AP Language and Composition Mrs. Cook November 4, 2010 Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a harmful and virulent antibiotic resistant bacterium that is a major concern in most American hospitals. Modern scientists are aiming to discover effective prevention methods for MRSA in hospitals, so productive prevention guidelines can be created. Clinical microbiologists

Dickens portrait of England Essay Example For Students

Dickens portrait of England Essay Dickens felt that the way in which the rationalised education structure, emotionally stunted people, was a component in the unsuccessful relationships between Victorian men and women.  Due to Louisas repressive education and upbringing, she is unable to see an alternative to marrying Mr Bounderby as she has not been allowed ideas of her own, and would therefore be no hope in ever marrying anyone else, for love. She laments to her father,  What other proposal can have been made to me? Whom have I seen? Where have I been? What are my hearts experiences? Louisa attempts to discuss, with her father, her obvious worries regarding Mr Bounderbys sexual expectations within the marriage. She sat silently looking out of the window at Coke town, and stated  There seems to be nothing there but languid and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, Fire bursts out, father!  Of course I know that, Louisa. I do not see the application of the remark. To do him justice he did not, at all. (pg. 132)  Her cryptic statement shows Louisas inability to vent her anxieties and feelings regarding sex, and her fathers inability to comprehend her plight, leads them to a total communication breakdown. This is a profound illustration of how Dickens feels how sexual repression is one of Victorian societies most concealed and underlying problems. Her own mother and father have an extremely unequal relationship with respect to power. Mrs Gradgrind is described as a thin and feeble woman both mentally and physically, who whenever she had ideas of her own, they were dashed by her husbands factual philosophy. She was not able to join in the dialogue between Bounderby and her husband while they were discussing her daughter, and merely sat quietly. (Pg. 23) This shows how difficult it was for men and women to communicate on an equal level and therefore goes some way to explain why Victorian relationships where so unfulfilling for both sexes.  Cities had gradually increased to such a size that it became a great concern to the ruling classes. Labour disputes, at this time where becoming a reality due to Marxist theories becoming more and more popular, not least with Dickens himself. During the period between 1853-57, Dickens despaired of the Governments inability to oversee the Crimean War, it is demonstrated by his description of Parliament as .the national cinderheap where Mr Gradgrind and other MPs. throw dust in a great many noisy little fights among themselves (Slater) Despite Governments inabilitys, there is a lack of enthusiasm for a revolution, and Dickens is frustrated by the lethargy of the working class. G.B. Shaw describes Coketowns inmates as being as content as a rat is with its hole. (Page, Dickens portrait of England,1912)  The mechanistic education system had proved so powerfully successful, that it had filtered down from the educated to the proletariat, and ejected any fancy they might have had in gaining a better life. They believed, or wanted to believe that their lives werent so miserable. In a letter from Dickens to Charles Fechter he states, When I did Hard Times I called the scene Coketown. Everybody knew what was meant, but every cotton-spinning town said it was the other cotton-spinning town (Page,pg28)  The subtle way in which women influence men is demonstrated by Stephen Blackpools refusal to join the union, because he promised Rachel he would not make trouble, but he is seen to be ill advised.  It is through Stephen Blackpools experiences of being sent to Coventry by his colleagues and losing his job, that we can see how Dickens tries to influence the reader. He and Marx believe that joining a Union, in order to fight together for their cause, is the only way out of their subordinate position. .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .postImageUrl , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:hover , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:visited , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:active { border:0!important; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:active , .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12 .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f85128259c3824dc31bf790d6f14d12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm - Elements of Literature EssayIn conclusion Hard Times is not Dickenss most subtle novel. Most of its moral themes are very explicitly articulated through extremely sharp characterisation and the narrators frequent interjection of his own opinions and experiences. Dickens was extremely concerned with the miserable lives of the poor and working classes in the England of his day, and Hard Times engages these social problems directly. What emerges from the book is a very simple contrast between Mr Gradgrinds philosophy of Fact, which includes pervasive rationalism and the idea that people should only act according to their best interest, and the simple loving honesty of Sissy Jupe, who contradicts Gradgrinds insistence on Fact by frequently indulging in romantic, imaginative Fancy. The philosophy of fact is shown to be at the heart of the problems of the poor; the smoke stacks, factory machines, and clouds of black smog are all associated with Fact, while Fancy is held up to be the route to charity and love between men and women. In reality this contrast is oversimplified; clearly a commitment to factual accuracy does not lead directly to selfishness, and a commitment to imagination does not equal a commitment to social equality. However, these contrasting ideas serve as a kind of shorthand for Dickens to enlighten his readers to the states of mind that enable certain kinds of action. Cold rationalism divorced from sentiment and feeling can lead to insensitivity from human suffering, and imagination can enhance ones sense of sympathy Bibliography Dexter, W (ed) The Letters of Charles Dickens  Bloomsbury None such (1938)  Page.N,(ed) Charles Dickens, Hard Times, Great Expectations and Our Mutual Friend: a selection of critical essays. MacMillan Press Ltd (1979)  Schlicke P ed Charles Dickens- Hard Times

Components of the Research Methodology-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How would an understanding of research philosophy benefit organizations prior to, during and after the research project? 2.What are the key components of the research methodology? 3.Why is it important to address all the key components when writing a research methodology? 4.How might omissions within a research methodology flaw a research project? Answers: 1.Research philosophy refers to the development of knowledge related to the research. Research philosophy helps the organizations prior to research project by indicating all the methods used while conducting the research process that are dependent upon the research philosophy. The understanding of research philosophy is extremely useful for the organizations as it enables the researchers to select the most appropriate type of research methodology during the research project and helps them in avoiding inappropriate as well as unrelated works (Mackey and Gass 2015). It helps the researcher to develop his or her knowledge in a particular field, which ultimately results in more appropriate and reliable research results after the research project. Therefore, research methodology helps the organizations to obtain appropriate and reliable information from the researchers. 2.The following are the key components of research methodology: Research approach: Research approach refers to the manner in which the researcher advances towards during the research process. Research approach is basically of two types namely inductive and deductive. Research design: Research design refers to the manner in which the researcher interprets the results obtained from the data analysis process, which is dependent upon the aims and objectives of the research. It is basically of three types namely exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. Data collection process: Data collection process involves determining the sources from which the data shall be collected. Data can be collected basically from two sources namely primary source and secondary source (Flick 2015). Sampling method: In case of primary data collection method, it is necessary to determine the appropriate sampling method so that the most relevant data is obtained from the most suitable respondents chosen for the research process. 3.It is necessary to address all the key components when writing a research methodology as the relevancy of the information obtained from the research process largely depends on the selection of the appropriate key components. The researcher is required to choose the most appropriate research approach, design, data collection method and sampling method so that the most appropriate and relevant data is obtained after the completion of the research, which fulfills the aims and objectives of the research (Silverman 2016) 4.The errors of omission refer to the situations wherein someone or something is missed, which was necessary to be considered or included in the research process. Error of omission has a negative impact on the reliability of the data or information obtained from conducting the research process (Lewis, Thornhill and Saunders 2012). Omissions challenge the authenticity of the data or information obtained from conducting a research process and the entire effort of the researcher becomes vague (Smith 2015). Therefore, it is necessary for the researchers to ensure that the research process is free from the error of omission so that the authenticity and reliability of the research can be maintained. References: Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Lewis, M., Thornhill, P. and Saunders, A., 2012.Research Methods for Business Students. 6th ed. London: Publisher: Pearson; 6 edition (2012), pp.Pages: 126 -137; Pages: 143 -149; Pages: 158 - 196; Pages: 208-219. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage

8 Basic Resume Rules for College Students

8 Basic Resume Rules for College Students Back in the day, you could put on your nicest outfit, walk down to a local office, shake hands with the CEO and land a job based on just your charisma and charm. Now, as organizations outsource their hiring to HR representatives and recruiters, your resume is the first (and last) impression that you ever get. No matter your skills or experience, a poorly framed resume can keep you from a career you deserve. For this reason, it can be a good idea to apply to a professional writing service for help. But first, you should get acquainted with the best tips for getting past the invisible barriers that keep out unwanted applicants and launch you into the hiring pool. Plain and Simple A hiring manager or HR doesn’t have time to deal with weird fonts, colored paper, or overly-fancy explanations. They want a resume that is simple to read and will take them little time to evaluate. And, some employers will automatically bump any resume that uses language or visual characteristics that they don’t deem professional. For example, using slang or writing your resume completely in Comic Sans font is a great way to get your resume chucked before anyone even has a chance to read it. Consistent Organization It’s important to set up your resume so that each section uses the same organizational structure to make it easy to read. For example, if you start by listing the years you worked at a particular location followed by the job duties you performed, you would want to keep that structure for your extracurricular activities, education, etc. To better understand the structure of a resume, you might need to read our step-by-step guide for writing a resume. Avoid the Objective – Stick to a Summary Some resume classes explain that having a resume objective at the top is a good idea – so that people know what you’re looking for. The problem is, no one cares. Instead of writing an objective for yourself, use the top section of your resume to write a summary – a couple of lines about why someone should hire you instead of another person. In addition, avoid using the pronoun â€Å"I† in your resume. Instead, use active verbs to express what you can do. Objective: I am seeking employment at a fast food restaurant to support my final year of college. Summary: Outgoing people person who loves to improve the customer buying experience. Dealing with Blank Experience Section If you are getting ready to look for your first job, you might be concerned with the lack of experience that you have. Don’t worry. Instead, use your creative writing skills to summarize some of the experience and skills that you bring to a potential employer. Often, you can find these skills in the ad you’re responding to, with frequently used words like, â€Å"organized,† â€Å"dependable,† â€Å"customer-oriented,† etc. In addition, avoid using work experience that doesn’t relate to the job you’re applying for. Example: Organizational Skills Able to quickly identify and organize an area so that workflow is more efficient. Participated in setting up and managing schedules for 5-10 people. Visual Space Remember: no one wants to read a huge block of text. Break down your resume into sections and bulleted subsections. That will make it easier for the HR representative to read and makes you look much more organized than the competition. Work Only Sometimes new applicants forget that their entire goal is to get a job, not get more Twitter followers. It’s important that everything on your resume directly relates to the position you’re applying for. That means don’t put links to your blog page or mention your skill of being able to touch your tongue to your nose. Unless you’re applying for a job as a circus nose-licker, it’s not likely to be considered very professional. Use Buzz Words Depending on your dream job’s requirements, there may be buzzwords that are necessary to get you past the computer filters that are keeping out the wrong applicants. Consider the job you are applying for and the ideal candidate for the job. If there are attributes or concepts that have been emphasized, find a way to include those words in your resume. Ad text: The perfect applicant for this job will be attentive to detail, organized, and able to meet a deadline. Resume text: Quick-thinking accountant who loves deadlines and detail. My desk is exactly like my calculations – organized and clean. Read it Out Once your resume is finished, you need to get it proofread by someone other than spellcheck. Share it with a friend, family member, or professional proofreader. They will be much more likely to catch mistakes and suggest areas that are in need of improvement. If you dont have any idea on how to write a resume with no job experience, check our guide for students now!

Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, GA. His birth certificate listed his first name as Michael, but this was later changed to Martin. His Grandfather and then his Father both served as the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. King graduated from Morehouse College in 1948 with a degree in Sociology. He further received a Bachelors of Divinity in 1951 and then a Ph.D. from Boston College in 1955. It was in Boston where he met and later married Coretta Scott. They had two sons and two daughters together. Becoming a Civil Rights Leader: Martin Luther King, Jr. was appointed the pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. It was while serving as pastor of the church that Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. This occurred on December 1, 1955. By December 5, 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott had begun. Montgomery Bus Boycott: On December 5, 1955, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was unanimously elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association which led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. During this time, African-Americans refused to ride the public bus system in Montgomery. Kings home was bombed due to his involvement. Thankfully his wife and baby daughter who were home at the time were unharmed. King was then arrested in February on the charges of conspiracy. The boycott lasted 382 days. At the end on December 21, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation on public transportation was illegal. Southern Christian Leadership Conference: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was formed in 1957 and King was named its leader. Its goal was to provide leadership and organization in the fight for civil rights. He used the ideas of civil disobedience and peaceful protests based on the writings of Thoreau and the actions of Mohandas Gandhi to lead the organization and the fight against segregation and discrimination. Their demonstrations and activism helped lead to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Letter from a Birmingham Jail: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a major part of many nonviolent protests as he helped lead the fight for desegregation and equal rights. He was arrested numerous times. In 1963, numerous sit-ins were staged in Birmingham, Alabama to protest segregation in restaurants and eating facilities. King was arrested during one of these and while he was imprisoned wrote his famous Letter from a Birmingham Jail. In this letter, he argued that only through visible protests would progress be made. He argued that it was an individuals duty to protest and disobey unjust  laws. Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" Speech On August 28, 1963, the March on Washington led by King and other Civil Rights Leaders took place. It was the largest demonstration of its kind in Washington, D.C. up to that time and approximately 250,000 demonstrators were involved. It was during this March that King gave his awe-inspiring I Have a Dream speech while speaking from the Lincoln Memorial. He and the other leaders then met with President John F. Kennedy. They asked for many things including an end to segregation in public schools, greater protections for African-Americans, and more effective civil rights legislation amongst other things. Nobel Peace Prize In 1963, King was named Time Magazines Man of the Year. He had stepped onto the world stage. He met with Pope Paul VI in 1964 and then was honored as the youngest person ever to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. He was awarded this on December 10, 1964, at the age of thirty-five. He gave the entire amount of the prize money to help with the Civil Rights movement. Selma, Alabama On March 7, 1965, a group of protestors attempted a march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery. King was not part of this march because he had wanted to delay its start date until the 8th. However, the march was extremely important because it was met by terrible police brutality that was captured on film. The images of this made a huge impact on those not directly involved in the fight resulting in a public outcry for changes to be made. The March was attempted again, and the protestors successfully made it to Montgomery on March 25, 1965, where they heard King speak at the Capitol. Assassination Between 1965 and 1968, King continued with his protest work and fought for Civil Rights. King became a critic of the War in Vietnam. While speaking from a balcony at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated. The day before he gave a poignant speech where he said, [Gods] allowed me to go up to the mountain. And Ive looked over. And Ive seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. While James Earl Ray was arrested and charged with the assassination, there have been and still are questions to his guilt and whether there was a larger conspiracy at work.

IT and facilities functions by Schwartz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

IT and facilities functions by Schwartz - Essay Example However, these systems are of no use to facilities management team. Ironically, facilities management holds the responsibility of costs saving, of which energy saving is a critical practice and core area where costs can be saved. Energy consumption is the maximum in the data center, as explained by Schwartz (p.1). Role of IT in facilities management has bee highlighted throughout the article. Considering that data center consumes maximum energy, the virtualization technology helps in minimizing the number of servers required. Energy-saving virtualization technology is one reason IT is getting involved in energy infrastructure management (Schwartz, p.1). However, this system could be risky if the server fails. Here, facilities management comes into picture, which can help by involving in management of the data center. For this, the facilities manager should be equipped with IT working skills. Sharplin, the CEO of Site Controls, emphasizes the need and benefits of IT in facilities mana gement in the real estate industry, which include lower costs of energy, decreased equipment maintenance costs, reduce carbon footprint and increased efficiency (Schwartz, p.2). In this article, Schwartz clearly underpins the significance of involvement of facilities managers in IT functions and/or have substantial knowledge of IT that can be implemented for successful facilities management and cost-saving practices. Indirectly, Schwartz also indicates that facilities management can be accomplished by using sophisticated IT systems; this would require facilities managers to be equipped with IT skills and understanding. This process would also require successful integration of facilities management and IT infrastructure. Integration between these two functions would again mean that facilities managers obtain a thorough understanding of working of IT systems.

The Government should shouldn't provide free university education for Essay

The Government should shouldn't provide free university education for everyone - Essay Example Education also empowers an individual to become functional in society, to become socially mobile and to be able to contribute to the greater good of society. An ignorant person who knows nothing cannot contribute to society because he or she lacks the knowledge and skills to become productive. Finally, education is a ticket towards success. A degree may not be necessary but a good education is a ticket towards success especially in today’s knowledge base economy. An ignorant person could never succeed today because everything today is based on knowledge and skills. He or she could never find a job or start a business when he or she is ignorant. It also serves the government well when education becomes a right and universal. It will have an educated and highly skilled workforce that could create or work for an industry that could generate revenue for the government. People are also more civilized because they are educated and therefore create a more humane society and ultimately, government contributes to the betterment of human race by making education a right and

Consumer Behaviour in the Gangster Subculture Essay

Consumer Behaviour in the Gangster Subculture - Essay Example However, in the internal contexts, diversity is a tool that enables organizations to learn more about the tastes and preferences of different cultures. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to stress the impact of cultures and subcultures in determining the management strategies employed by organizations. Given that the topic of cultural diversity issues a wide array of consumption behaviours, this paper will delve into the gangster sub cultural consumption behaviours, looking at how the cultural and sub cultural factors contribute to this consumption trend. Besides, the paper will give a detailed analysis of the characteristics exhibited by consumers belonging to this segment, hence giving a guide on how to tailor production and management processes of an organization to suit the expectations of these consumers. Indeed, this paper issues designers and innovators an insight on how to assess the viability and potentiality of their projects and ideas, putting into perspective the need for organizations to widen their market share by attracting and retaining more customers. Culture represents the external part that influences the consumer tendencies or behaviours. In this case, cultures are a representation of the effect of other individuals on a personal consumer choice. Culture is an independent set of factors that are shaped based on the beliefs and knowledge of the society. Despite this, other factors constituting culture are irrelevant in other societies, as they do not reflect the beliefs or knowledge of that society. In understanding the lives of the people within a culture, subcultures play a pivotal role. Therefore, subcultures are a representation of minor groups within a culture (Solomon et al., 2014). Numerous beliefs and knowledge sum up to form a culture. In many cases, subcultures are linked to the youth, as they have various beliefs that aid in the formation of many sub-groups.

England: A Christian Country

England: A Christian Country Christianity as a religion is one that was first brought to the British Isles around 1st century AD, this was during the Roman Empire. Britain had its own set of religious icons; Pagan gods of the earth and Roman gods of the sky. It was into this setting that Christianity arrived, and It is thought to have started in England before moving to Ireland, Scotland, and then into other British Isles. This evangelization was carried out mostly by the Gregorian Missionaries; this eventually led to the beginning of the Church of England. The Church of England which is the foremost form of Christianity in England has it beginnings towards the end of the 6th century, during the time of the Anglo-Saxons. The Church of England highlights continuity through apostolic succession and traditionally looks to these early events for its origins rather than to changes brought about by the English reformation. Events such as Henry VIIIs schism with the Roman Catholic Church or the excommunication of Elizabeth I or the wider Reformation in mainland Europe are all events that contributed to the development of the Church of England as it is now established, but are regarded as a continuation of the arrival of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church to the British Isles.  [1]   Wikipedia articles on the origins of the Church of England. However, as the years progressed the notion was formed that the Church was founded by God and the ruling monarch was automatically the Head of the Church, appointed also by God. Christianity rose from a small religion to being the national religion, with the association of Church to Monarchy. This therefore meant that all proceedings within the Kingdom were governed by God. Christianity was a part of the people and the people were conditioned into the lifestyle of being Christians. Children were being baptized, taught in the faith as part of daily living as well as in school curriculum. Births, Marriages and Deaths/Funerals were conducted and registered by the Clergy. Therefore during this period, England was predominantly a Christian nation. It is worth mentioning that there was also paganism in England, however as Christianity grew paganism reduced. The discussion in this essay however, is not about the origins of Christianity nor is it about the origins of the Church of England. Some of the points discussed below are from personal findings, while other points are secondary research. With the herald of a more accommodating society, more religions are being rooted in the British society. This is also because of the increase in the ethnic groups in England, who have various religions, and with the world of political correctness; other religions are blooming and thriving as well. Unfortunately, the percentage of English people of Christian origins are dwindling, leaving generations after them to being less keen about religion altogether. Christianity is slowly diminishing because we are now in a more secular society. There are less faith schools, and the percentage of Church goers has reduced over the last couple of decades. According to personal findings, Church buildings are been sold or remodelled to other functionalities. In current times, even though England is officially a Christian country, there are less than 40% of the people who are Christians and even few much less of them are a part of the Church of England. The remaining population are either Atheists or of a different religion. Findings have proved that the Church today has lost about 1 in 10 members are from 1996 to present day, at this rate the church will find it hard to survive in the next 50 years. There is now a massive fall in registered Births, Marriages and Deaths in the Church. The church today is been grounded by challenges from a changing society, where the Christian institution is on a decline as well as challenges from a rise in cultural and religious diversification. BBC sources record that the United Kingdom, which England is a part of is ethnically diverse, partly as a legacy of empire. Lately, the country has been struggling with issues revolving around multiculturalism, immigration and national identity. This is against a background concerns about terrorism and political and religious radicalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [2]   In conclusion, we can accept that England is still officially a Christian country due to the fact that the Anglican Church is rooted in England and that the monarchy is associated with the Church of England, however it will be hard for Christianity to hold its footing if the Church does not rise up and take a stand. 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Church_of_England 2 . http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/history/uk_1.shtml 3.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/5661035/Britain-is-no-longer-a-Christian-nation-claims-Church-of-England-Bishop.html

Hearing Hushed Emotions: A Subtle Symphony of Diction in “Peter Quince

Hearing Hushed Emotions: A Subtle Symphony of Diction in â€Å"Peter Quince at the Clavier† â€Å"Music is feeling, then, not sound,† writes Wallace Stevens in his poem â€Å"Peter Quince at the Clavier,† beginning to establish music as the connection between physical and spiritual. Music-related terminology fills the poem, which Stevens composes like a piece of music, with four movements and varying rhythms that echo one another. The rhythms and terminology Stevens employs dually reflect the subjects he writes about, a dynamic that embodies the link between music and emotion in the poem. The language of music develops silent emotions; when hearts quietly jump or stomachs secretly turn, â€Å"a cymbal crashe[s], / and roaring horns.† In this overly-theatrical development of clandestine, unperformed emotions, the poem fashions its unique mixture of mocking and irony with regards to its subjects. In the poem, therefore, music acts as a link between the outwardly physical and the furtively emotional; similarly, the musical diction of the poem w orks as a channel between the subjects, their muted sentiments, and the acoustically ironic message the poem conveys about those subjects and their feelings. In the third stanza of the poem, the speaker comments that â€Å"thinking . . . is music,† which reminds him of the â€Å"strain waked† in the elderly men who eagerly watch young Susanna bathe in her garden in The Book of Susanna in the Apocrypha. Stevens’s use of â€Å"strain,† which means â€Å"physical exertion,† a â€Å"prevailing quality or characteristic,† and a â€Å"passage of musical expression,† initiates the plotting of musically-connotative words in the poem. The trio of connotations forges the link between the emotions of the subjects and the sound ... ...eption of her behavior. In offering a musical voice to Susanna’s hushed emotions, the poem taps out the subtle rhythm of human iniquity that pulses not simply in the ultimate culprits, as in a more traditional, good-guys-versus-bad-guys telling of the story, but also in the ones who receive the â€Å"constant sacrament of praise.† The musical language in the poem thus acts as an equalizer: though each person contributes a different instrumental sound, all people contribute equally to the broader composition, comprised of notes which in many ways sound more similar than cursory listening may suggest. Works Cited Dictionary.com. Lexico Publishing Group. 16 April 2004. . Stevens, Wallace. â€Å"Peter Quince at the Clavier.† An Introduction to Poetry. Eds. Dana Gioia and X.J. Kennedy. 10th ed. San Francisco: Longman, 2002. 526.

Student Athletes

Nicholas Cubillas Jillian Swisher English102- #37 November 12th, 2012 Keeping College Sports In Line Should college athletes really be labeled as ‘employees’ eligible to be paid by the universities they attend? Or should the laws enacted by the National College Athletic Association (NCAA) remain unchanged leaving players unpaid? Whether or not college athletes should be paid has always been a relevant and controversial topic in the sports world. As a student at a Division 1 sports school and an avid college sports fan this topic interests me.Students need to realize that paying of college athletes would possibly affect the budgets of their schools, possibly taking away academic money towards athletics, and college sports fans also need to realize that the whole integrity of college sports is at stake if athletes begin to get paid. These athletes should realize they are students at their respective universities just as much as they are athletes, and should be satisfied wi th the many benefits they gain from joining Division 1 sports teams.College athletes should remain unpaid because they already reap great benefits from their schools like scholarships, it would be difficult to enact a fair way to pay off all athletes leading to corruption in the system, and some athletic programs do not even generate enough revenue to pay off athletes. College athletes do work hard in their respective sports; there is no doubt about that, which is why some believe they should be a put on a salary.Others believe the schools should not be able to pay students athletes, for a variety of reasons. Those who do side with the debate of paying college athletes believe that playing a sport at a Division 1 school is a full-time job, and college athletes should be compensated for the work they put in. They agree that Division 1 schools as well as the NCAA as a whole generate enough revenue that would allow student athletes to be paid. This money would be able to help students with some basic college expenses (Steve Spurrier Wants Players Paid).The other side of the debate, however, pushes that college athletes reap so many benefits already, the biggest one being a virtually free education, and it would not be fair to pay them. Those advocating for not paying college athletes believe they already get enough compensation from their universities, and they should be content with that. The paying of college athletes, however, brings about many problems like the distribution of money between players, what sports teams should be paid and how much, and the ability of some teams to gather enough revenue to pay their athletes.Both sides bring about their respective arguments, which strongly oppose of the others side’s views, which is why the paying of college athletes is an important issue to debate in the sports world. Ever since I was young I have always been an avid sports fan, which is why I have a strong stance on this issue. My father loved college fo otball, and I grew up watching it with him. I also go to a school where most of the athletic programs are Division 1, and these programs are likely to be effected if college athletes began getting paid.Personally, I would hate to watch college athletes become all about the money, which in my opinion, would most likely happen if college athletes were to get paid. Recruits would purely base their choice of school on how much they would be getting paid, not whether they want to play there or if they see themselves doing well with that program. That isn’t how college athletics should be, that’s what the NFL is for. Teams with the most revenue would get the best recruits, leading to them becoming powerhouse teams solely because their program generates large revenue than others.As a lifelong college sports fan, I would hate to see what I grew up watching become a money centered, corrupt sport that focuses more on revenue than the actual game itself. College athletes reap man y benefits that do not even compare to other students at the university. They are given scholarships, some to prestigious and expensive schools, and basically are getting a free education. These athletes need to realize they are students just as much as they are athletes, and that they were given the opportunity to perform well in their sports and get a free education as well.These students should in no means be labeled as employees under federal law, and the NCAA agrees with this. The Vice President of Legal Affairs for the NCAA, Donald Remy, addressed the issue in saying, â€Å"The NCAA, in accordance with courts that have addressed the issue, believes that student-athletes are not employees, under the law, and that they should not be treated as employees either by the law or by the schools they attend. † (Cooper).On the other side of the debate many student athletes believe they should be getting paid for their contributions beyond just the benefits they obtain like their free education, free apparel, and inside connections. In the article â€Å"Should College Athletes Be Paid? † former NCAA basketball player Jalen Rose states, â€Å"Collegiate athletes should be paid a stipend of $2,000 per semester† (48). Players of course advocate for them being paid, but are greedy in the fact that they do not realize that the benefits they obtain sum up to a large amount of money and are beneficial to them.These athletes have the opportunity to get a free education, gain national televised attention for their sports talent, possibly attend a bowl game visiting new stadiums and getting apparel for free, as well as being able to build connections in the sports world which they can use when they leave college. These student athletes need to open their eyes and realize that their education is just as important as the sport they play, and with the many benefits given to student athletes, that they can succeed and leave college with a good education allo wing them to get good jobs if they do not make it to the professional level.For these reasons college athletes should be content with and appreciate the free benefits they are getting from their universities. If college athletes were to be paid a salary, where would that money come from? In the survey taken by Schneider he found that, â€Å"If the NCAA were to allow payment, college students' most frequently believed the additional money should come from the athletics department (56%) and additional revenue generating contracts such a shoe and television contracts† (Schneider).It is a common misconception, however, by those who think student athletes should get paid that all Division 1 teams generate large revenues. In fact, an article published by NBC sports stated, â€Å"A recent NCAA report done by professor Dan Fulks of Transylvania University in Kentucky shows that only 14 of the 120 FBS schools profited from campus athletics during the 2009 fiscal year† (NCAA rep ort shows many college programs in the red). How will the other 106 teams that did not profit from campus athletics pay off their student athletes?It would not be fair for only profitable teams to pay their players and exclude the teams that lost money for their programs in a given year. As for the distribution amongst Division 1 teams the NCAA states, â€Å"Some of the distribution is earmarked for particular uses, such as funds that directly support academics† (Where Does the Money Go? ). This means that the schools that generate low revenues in their athletic programs would have to use the little money they do have to pay athletes, instead of putting forth academic improvements on the school.Is it really worth it to pay college athletes at the cost of taking away money from universities academic programs? Those who advocate for the paying of student athletes need to realize that from an economic standpoint, it does not make sense to pay these athletes. Another issue arisin g from the paying of college athletes is whether or not an equal amount of payment from program to program is fair for athletes.Andrew Geisler, a columnist, states that the first issue in paying college athletes is that, â€Å"it is inherently unfair to pay certain athletes and members of teams more than others† (Why paying college athletes is a bad idea). This view proposes that if college athletes were to be paid, they would all have to be paid fairly with the same amount of money. But would only the profitable programs like football and basketball pay off their athletes? Or would every Division 1 program at the school, like hockey and soccer, have to pay of their athletes?With this comes another issue, the corruption of the NCAA system that would occur if college athletes were to get paid. Since it would be unfair to pay one team in the same sports Division and not the other, or pay the athletes on a low budget team much less than those on a profitable team, if college ath letes were to get paid it would be based on the schools revenue. This would be unfair for other Division 1 schools because only profitable schools would pick up good recruits, and these athletic programs would be able to pay large sums of money for star players.This would make the NCAA corrupt and all about money, and college sports should not be like that. In Schneider’s investigation, â€Å"Examination of the results found that the primary reason advanced by students for supporting payment of athletes was that cheating, in the form of illegal payments, would decline† (Schneider). Contrary to this belief, however, allowing payment of student athletes will actually make matters worse and illegal payment will still happen regardless. Those ho believe the paying of college athletes would decrease corruption do not realize that this would allow college coaches to bargain with star recruits about money and it would become a battle of which team puts up the most money. Thes e coaches may even throw in some other benefits on top of the money to make them join the team, and if paying college athletes were legal, it would be easier for these coaches to sneak in other offers for them to join the team. Illegal payment will happen regardless, but if student athletes were to get paid it would be much easier for coaches to sneak under the radar in giving their athletes special benefits.College athletes really need to take a deeper look into all of the aspects before they believe they should be compensated. Not all college programs have the funds to be paying their athletes, and if multiple teams in the Division 1 programs are unable to pay their athletes, than all teams in that Division should be unable as well. College athletes gain a free education through scholarships along with many other benefits that will help them in the future. Paying off these athletes would ruin the game and make the sport all about money.The NCAA should maintain the same rules and c ontinue to not pay athletes, because if they do, college sports will never be the same again. Works Cited Aschoff, Edward. â€Å"Steve Spurrier Wants Players Paid. † ESPN. 01 2012: n. page. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. Cooper, Kenneth J. â€Å"Should College Athletes Be Paid To Play?. † Diverse: Issues In Higher Education 28. 10 (2011): 12-13. ERIC. Web. 24 Oct. 2012 Geisler, Andrew. â€Å"Why paying college athletes is a bad idea. † miamistudent. net. The Miami Student, 20 2011.Web. 11 Nov 2012. â€Å"NCAA report shows many college programs in the red. † nbcsports. com. NBC, 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 11 Nov 2012. Rose, Jalen. â€Å"Should College Athletes Be Paid?. † Jet 119. 11 (2011): 48. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Schneider, R. G. â€Å"Payment Of College Athletes: Student-Athletes' And Administrators' Perceptions. † International Sports Journal 4. 2 (2000): 44-55. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Where Does the Money Go?. † NCAA. org. NCAA, 08 2008. Web. 11 Nov 2012.

Is It a Good Idea to Hold Good Stocks Even if the Overall Market Is Assignment

Is It a Good Idea to Hold Good Stocks Even if the Overall Market Is Assignment Is It a Good Idea to Hold Good Stocks Even if the Overall Market Is Overvalued – Assignment Example The paper "Is It a Good Idea to Hold Good Stocks Even if the Overall Market Is Overvalued" is a delightful example of an assignment on finance and accounting.Keep holding and do nothing. The current stock seems to be doing great and against the earlier projections in the market over the years. Leaving the company would mean leaving the market one is well aware of, and that has grown drastically over the years. Since overvaluation of shares is measurable using a range, then where the ceiling range remains not bleached, holding is necessary. The implication of holding is that one is not required to pay the capital gains taxes, and the long-term investment could result in higher returns in the future. However, where the companys long-term potential does not offset the overvaluation, the stocks will crash down, and investment money will be lost. Where the competitors rise to surpass or shatter the planned development by the company, it would damage the company to reach points where it co uld fold, and investors would lose money (Kolodovoski, 2014). Take some profit off the table by disposing of some of the stock and paying the capital gains tax. Selling some of the stock and holding some would work as a lever to offset any shocks in the market. The competitors are getting stronger, and that could damage the company where its share price would fall. The company could also remain on its successful path, and the stock value would increase. To ensure that the investor is shielded from both a partial sale to offset the initial investment is necessary. Selling a quarter of the stock at $45 having purchased them at $12 means that the initial investment gets almost catered for, and future decrease in the stock wont make the investor lose money. Maintaining some stock prepares the investor for the future success of the company (Kolodovoski, 2014). An outright total sale of the stock and payment of the capital gains tax. Overpriced Shares and the continuation of that trend me ans that the range is growing bigger with time. Letting go of the stock protects the stockholder from the future collapse of the company. The investor would make massive profits by selling at the current market price of $45. The implications of an outright sale would be losing in big if the company were to make successful decisions and the share price increases. The other implication is being protected from the folding of the business if the future investment does not work as required (Kolodovoski, 2014).

Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavior - Essay Example This increases my ability to decide better things for myself. Thus, I have this ability now to always certain about my decision to where I am heading with my life in the future. Before I usually tried to think of things far from what really happened. As a result, it made no sense at all and it made me unable to grasp the whole picture of reality. Thus, it made me become shallow minded about my future for I lacked enthusiasm on things to come in my life. I think of things sometimes that are far beyond the reality, especially such as giving false mistakes for others which based entirely on a created personal bad thoughts alone. As a result, it put me into practice of giving poor trust to others. Worst, I would misjudge others based only on my one-sided thoughts. I realize that this is unhealthy and so I was able to refrain from entertaining bad thoughts. At work, my responsibility is to discover new things for the benefits of the company. Sometimes I failed to consider possibilities and it would always send me to moments of being unproductive by not discovering something new. Thus, there are times when I end up having no positive feedback for an innovative idea that might be essential for the company. A friend revealed that she hates the idea of being thought of what to do. She hates it especially most of the time because she simply just does not want to be told about what to do. However, she admitted that it brought no positive impact on her life. In most of the time now, she does not find any level of willingness to learn for there is clear low level of enthusiasm for it. As an effect, it usually took time for her to learn. Worst, she usually hates to think and just want to make things go as they are and free from her full control. I learned from a friend who is married and have a child. His wife seems not willing to be serious about giving good examples for their children. According to him, it seems it may not be her priority in the

Please agree with him Mr. J. and write 3 pages cite sources. Cite Article

Please agree with him Mr. J. and write 3 pages cite sources. Cite sources.(Dhibba Shan) - Article Example Borrowed nursing theory is a theory which was originally designed to suite in another discipline, but later adapted also to fit in the nursing profession. However, it is worth understanding that the nursing perspective guides the reconceptualization of existing theories. Synthesis of the borrowed theory with the nursing perspective is essential; otherwise the focus of nursing will continue to remain within other disciplines. Consequently, nursing problems will either not be addressed at all or addressed haphazardly. Therefore, theories from other disciplines must be incorporated into both the nursing milieu and to the nursing image of a human being to be meaningful to nursing (McEwen and Evelyn, 2007). Nurses heavily borrow theories from physical, biological and behavioral science disciplines and adapt them to nursing situations. As a result, a nursing theory emerges though tracing its origin on the original discipline. A theory that is applicable in two or more different disciplines is referred to as shared theory. Examples of borrowed theories include the Von Bartlaffny’s general systems theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs. In a case scenario, nurses can apply the Maslow’s theory to predict the needs that patients have not expressed clearly so that appropriate actions can be undertaken (Fawcett, 2005). For example, when a patient is admitted in the hospital, it is the duty of the nurses to organize a familiarization program for the patient, which helps them relieve anxiety and feel comfortable in the hospital environment. Existence of borrowed theories certainly implies that unique theories also exist. These are theories which were specifically designed to guide nurses’ decisions, goals and actions that relate to their profession. While formulating these theories, the theorists base their opinions and assertions on experiences and researches that directly relate to

PART 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PART 3 - Term Paper Example It is of significance to posit that for ethical considerations to be followed, health institutions are ought to create and implement appropriate strategies as well as rules and guidelines that will govern the daily activities of the health institution. This involves a lot of financial input and time to create. According to Post Blustein and Dubler (2007), ethics are considered costly. According to him, observing ethics in the workplace will involve a lot of time and effort, egotism, though clients are presented with a chance to benefit from high quality of services. Individuals seeking treatment or health care services in Mount Sinai prefer it to a great extent due to high quality services as a great proportion of ethics is followed. The more the clients, the more the revenue generated by the hospital. This shows that total revenue generated by Mount Sinai Hospital is dependent on ethical considerations. To ensure that ethics are followed by all employees in the hospital, Mount Sinai conducts regular trainings to employees geared towards presenting them with basic knowledge on ethics. This involves a lot of money to plan though it is aimed towards empowering employees. As evidenced in other health care institutions, patients’ medical records in Mount Sinai are also digitalized. This requires the hospital to design security programs and conform to it. Designing an effective health related programs is in itself expensive and time consuming. Available sources put a lot of emphasis on the importance of ethical considerations in health care. A physician or any other medical practitioner is only allowed to share any information regarding the health of a patient with consent of the patient, or when required to do so by a court of law. Physician can be sued by the patient if s/he is proved to have made public any personal and medical information associated with the patient. In such a case, a health institution may lose a lot of money through lawyer fees. Where a patient requires to be compensated for the damage caused, a health institution would lose a lot of money in settling these cases. Though such a case has been hardly heard of in Mount Sinai, maintaining plans of actions that prevents such occurrences from happening involves a lot of finances and time. If a health care institution is found guilty of breach of confidentiality or sharing a patient’s medical information with third parties, medical license may be cancelled (Ashcroft, Dawson and Draper, 2007). In a nutshell, creating and establishing plans of action that will ensure ethical and moral considerations within a health institution is very expensive in terms of money and time as I involves a lot of effort. Duty to report In the modern world, millions of people have been affected by many chronic illnesses. Millions of people are living with the HIV virus. In other words, people are affected by a wide range of illnesses that necessitates medical attention. In the course of treatment, a physician or medical practitioner ought to treat any divulged information by the patient with utmost confidentiality. However, there are some cases where morally the medical practitioner is supposed to report the matter to authorities. This part of the paper describes an ethical dilemma associated with moral considerations in health care. For public health concerns, the government and the public health sector of a particular country is required to follow up on prevalence of diseases of public concern. For instance,

National Bank Essay Example for Free

National Bank Essay A research program is very important essential for acquiring experience through learning and spreading the scope of Knowledge. I have done my research program in National Bank Limited, Foreign Exchange Branch. This research report is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture to the areas of Foreign Exchange operation of National Bank Limited. The report has been divided into twelve parts. These are- Introduction, Brief History of Banking Sector of Bangladesh, Corporate review of NBL, Foreign Exchange, Documents Used in Foreign Exchange Business, Letter of Credit (L/C), Import, Export, Foreign Remittance, Findings and Analysis, References. National Bank Limited is one of the largest commercial Bank of Bangladesh. The main objective of the Bank is to provide all of banking services at the doorsteps of the people. The Bank also participates in various social and development programs and takes part in implementation of various policies and promises made by the Government. National Bank Limited plays a pioneering role in handling foreign trade and foreign exchange transactions. With wide network of branches at home and a large number of correspondent banks worldwide, it is handling the largest volume of export-import business including homebound remittances. For this reason, Foreign Exchange of the Bank is very much essential. But now a day’s banking sector of Bangladesh is suffering the disease of default culture which is the consequence or result of bad performance of most banks. There are three types of modes of foreign exchange market, which are- Export Financing, Import Financing and Foreign Remittance. Foreign Exchange Branch does these foreign exchange activities vastly. In this report, I mention the overall operating procedure of foreign exchange transaction of National Bank Limited. I also mention the findings of my report and describe the recommendation to overcome the limitation. I have taken all the reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and quality to make the report standard. And I believe that it has included all the necessary information to be relevant. INTRODUCTIOIN ORIGIN OF THE REPORT As a mandatory part the BBA Program, all the students of the faculty of  Business Studies, Premier University, Chittagong have to undergo a three month long research program with an objective of gaining practical knowledge about current business world. After this research program each and every students have to submit a research report mentioning their activities during the research program. I’ve started my research at the National Bank Limited, Foreign Exchange Branch. At the end of the research program I am submitting my research report focusing on the contribution of Foreign Exchange operation to the overall performance of bank especially on profitability perspective under the supervision of Tasnim Uddin Chowdhury, Lecturer, Department of Finance, in Premier University, Chittagong. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The general objective of the study is to gather practical knowledge regarding banking system and operation. The research gives us a chance to relate the four year long theoretical learning of BBA Program with the reserch experience. This consists the following: To get an overall idea about the Foreign exchange Business of National Bank Limited. To apply theoretical knowledge in the practical field. To describe the organizational structure, management, background, functions and objectives of the bank and its contribution to the national economy. To achieve overall understanding of National Bank Limited. To analyze the financing systems of the bank to find out any contributing field. To examine the profitability and productivity of the bank. To acquire knowledge about the everyday banking operation of National Bank Limited. To evaluate the effect of world recession on foreign exchange income of NBL, Foreign Exchange Branch. To understand the real management situation and try to recommend for improving existing problems. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study provides those scopes of knowing are the following: History and performance of National Bank Limited. Terms used in foreign exchange operations Foreign exchange operations of National Bank Limited Literature review. Total concept of Foreign Exchange Operation. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY The report is prepared on the basic of foreign Exchange of National Bank Limited. To conduct the overall study, at first I explored the sources of Primary and Secondary information and data. Different files of the department and statement prepared by FED helped me to prepare this report. To present numerical data, I used the Annual Report of 2008 and monthly statement of January to October 2009 of National Bank Limited, Foreign Exchange Branch. For preparing this report I have used some graphical representation to find out different types of analytical and interpretation. SOURCES OF DATA As mentioned earlier, mainly primary and secondary data has been used. Sometimes the customers gave some important information regarding the services of the Bank: PRIMARY DATA Official records of National Bank Limited (NBL).. Expert opinion. SECONDARY DATA Monthly Statement of NBL. Annual Report of NBL. Official Files. Selected books. Other manual information. Websites. Various publications on the Bangladesh Bank. Newspaper reports in this concern. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Both quantitative and qualitative analysis will be performed on the findings. The quantitative analysis will be done on the trend of export- import, growth pattern of export-import, pre and post facilities provided for easing the export-import operations. Qualitative analyses will be based on the macroeconomic variables and foreign exchange policy provided by Bangladesh bank, the central bank of Bangladesh. Different statistical tools will be used for the analysis of the findings. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY To provide current information and to make the report read-worthy, support from various sources is essential. In spite of having my wholehearted effort, I could not collect some information required at the time of the study. So this study is not free from the following limitation: Due to unavailability of latest annual report (Annual report 2009), I have to prepare the report on the basis of annual report 2008. As a result, analysis, presentation of data may not show the existing position/present condition of National Bank Limited. For the whole research I had only 90 days, out of which I get 61 days because of late commencement of research program, which were totally insufficient. So I faced time shortage extremely. Lack of previous experience to prepare this type of report and it is totally new to me as an intern. Foreign exchange division follows Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCPDC), but within this short period, I was totally stunned to understand. Learning all the banking functions within just two months was really difficult. Sometimes the officers of National Bank Limited were very busy. For this reason the personal did not co-operate me. National Bank Limited did not give me any kind of monetary support for this research program Most of the working days in NBL, I have to work in cash department to help in IPO subscription collection, so I get limited time work in other departments to have practical knowledge Another limitation of  this report is Bank’s policy of not disclosing some data and information for obvious reason, which could be very much helpful. BRIEF HITORY OF BANKING SECTOR OF BD EVOLUTION OF THE WORD ‘BANK’ The word bank originated from Italian word â€Å"Banca†. Banca means long tool. In ancient time Italian Jews merchant used to do business of lending money by sitting on the tools. It is assumed that the word â€Å"bank† derived from the word Banca. To meet the expense of war of 1171 one type credit certificate was launched in Italy at an interest rate of 5% it was called as Monte in Italian language and Bank in German language then German language was widely used in Italy. As a result the word Bank gradually changed to the word Banca from which the word Bank originated. THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN BANKING The linguistics and etymologists suggests an interesting story about banking origins. Both the old French word â€Å"Banque† and the Italian word Banca were used centuries ago to mean a bench or moneychangers table. This describes quite well what historians have observed concerning the first bankers, who lived more than 2000 years ago. They were money changers, situated usually at table or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travelers who came to town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for a fee in order to supply merchants with working capital. The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities, but it was not long before the idea of attracting deposit and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became a source of bank funding. Loans were then made to merchant’s shippers and landowners at rates of interests low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a month for the riskiest ventures. Most of the early bank was Greek in origin. The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe. The early bank in Europe was places for safe keeping of valuable items (such as gold and  silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their asset due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. When colonies were established in North and South America, old world banking practice were transferred . DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING IN BANGLADESH Since early British rule, the history of banking in Bangladesh territory shows that the traditional trade-networks developed before the banks invaded rural areas. And the banking services have slowly flourished in Bangladesh territory. Even today, in many places, moneylenders provide credit services. Small shopkeepers and businessman use informal credit at high interest rate. Traditional mahjong’s money lending business gradually declined due to expansion of bank and the micro credit programs of NGOs, cooperative banks and government agencies. PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS During the liberation war in 1971, the economic, political, and social system including the banking system was severally damaged. At that time, all big and medium financial institutions except two small banks had their head office in the West Pakistan. The non-beagle owners and managers of the financial establishments that operated in East Pakistan had abandoned them. After independence in 1971, the new government had to take over management and ownership of all such institutions. The banks Nationalization Order 1972 was issued to nationalize banks and financial institutions (except those incorporated abroad) in order to control chaos in the field of ownership, party bureaucracy, the intelligentsia, and pressure group. By several orders the government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh created- Six nationalized commercial banks (NCBs): 1. Sonali Bank 2. Agrani Bank 3. Janata Bank 4. Rupali Bank 5. Pubali Bank 6. Uttra Bank One industrial bank (BSB) One agricultural bank (BKB) One industrial development financial institution (BSRS) The bank and financial institutions which originated during the Pakistan period and were merged, and renamed and functioning after independence of Bangladesh. In the year 1983, the government allowed private sector to participate in the banking business. The Publi Bank and the Uttara Bank were denationalized in 1985, due to non profitability. This action reduced the number of NCBs to four. Such restructuring of public sector banks was in order to play their role in industry, agriculture, export, self –employment etc. PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS Taking advantage of the liberalization policy of the government regarding participation of private sector in the banking business, a number of private banks were established in –and –after 1983. With the emergence of private banks in Bangladesh, a competitive situation in the sector has been created. Now there are 48 commercial banks in Bangladesh which are enlisted with Bangladesh Bank, among them four (4) are NCBs, five (5) are specialized banks, twenty nine (29) are private commercial banks and ten (10) are foreign commercial banks. The emergence of private banks has added a new dimension to the banking system in Bangladesh. The private commercial banks show a steady growth in terms of number of branches, deposit and advances. CORPORATE REVIEW OF NATIONAL BANK History of National Bank Limited National Bank Limited has its prosperous past, glorious present, prospective future and under processing projects and activities. Established as the first private sector Bank fully owned by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, NBL has been flourishing as the largest private sector bank with the passage of time after facing many stress and strain. The member of the board of directors is creative businessman and international economist. For rendering all modern  services, NBL, as a financial institution automated all it’s branches with computer network in accordance with the competitive commercial demand of time. Moreover, considering it’s forth- coming future the infrastructure of the Bank has been much more to NBL. Keeping the target in mind NBL has taken preparation branches by the wear 2000-2001. The emergence of National Bank Limited in the private sector is an important event in the banking area of Bangladesh. When the national was in the grip of severe recession, Govt. too k the farsighted decision to allow in the private sector to revive the economy of the country. Several dynamic entrepreneurs came forward for establishing a bank with a motto to revitalize the economy of the country. National Bank Limited was born as the first hundred percent Bangladesh owned Bank in the private sector. From the very inception it is the firm determination of National Bank Limited to play a vital role in the national economy. We are determined to bring back the long forgotten taste of banking services and flavors. We want to serve each one promptly and with a sense of dedication and dignity. The President of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Justice Ahsanuddin Chowdhury inaugurated the bank formally on March 28, 1983 but the first branch at 48, Dilkusha Commercial Area, Dhaka started functioning on March 23, 1983. The 2nd Branch was opened on 11th May 1983 at Khatungonj, Chittagong. Today we have total 103 Branches all over Bangladesh. A representative office was established in Yangon, Myanmar in October, 1996 by our bank and obtained permission from t he government of Bangladesh to handle border trade with Myanmar .opportunities is being explored for further business avenues there. Now NBL is on line to establish trade and communication with the prime international banking companies of the world. As a result NBL will be able to build a strong root in international banking horizon .Bank has been drawing arrangement with well conversant money transfer service agency â€Å"Western union†. It has full time arrangement for speedy transfer of money all over the world. Banking is not only a profit – oriented commercial institution but it has a public bas and social commitment admitting this true NBL is going on with its diversified banking activities NBL introduced monthly Savings Scheme, special Deposit Scheme, and Consumers. Credit Scheme and savings Insurance scheme etc. To combine the people of lower and middle income group. A team of highly qualified and experiment professional headed by the managing Director of the  bank who has vast banking experience operates bank and at the top three is an efficient Board of Directors for making policies. Vision of National Bank Limited Establishing as a top grade efficient bank through best application of modern information technology and business activities, offering high standard client services and Proper coordination of foreign trade business in the core of their vision. Mission of national bank Limited With a view to achieving commercial objective of the bank, their sincere and all out efforts stay put unabated. Respected client and shareholders are attracted to us for our transparency, accountability, social communities, and high quality of clientele services. Objective of national Bank Limited Bring modern banking facilities to the doorsteps of general public through diversification of services, thereby arousing saving propensity among the people. Foreign a cordial, deep rooted and farm banker customer relationship by dispensing prompt and improved clientele services. Taking part in the development of the national economy through productive development of the banks resources as well as patronizing different social activities. Connecting clients to modern banking practices by the best application of improved information technology, so that they get encouraged to continue and feel proud of banking with NBL. Responding to the need of the time by participating in the syndicated large loan financing with like-minded banks of the country, thereby expanding the area of investment Elevating the image of the bank at home and abroad by sustained expansion of its activities. Strategies of National Bank Limited To manage and operate the bank in the most efficient manner to enhance financial performance and to control cost of fund. To strive for customer satisfaction through quality control and delivery of timely services. To identify customer credit and other banking needs and monitor their perception towards our performance in meeting those and update requirement. To review and update policies procedures and practices to enhance the ability to extend better services to customer. To train and develop all employs and provide them adequate resources so that customer needs can responsibility addressed. To promote organizational effectiveness by openly communicating company plans, policies, practices and procedures to all employers in a timely fashion To cultivate a working environment that fosters positive motivation for improved performance To diversify portfolio both in the retail and whole sale market. To increase direct contact with customer in order o cultivate a closer relationship Busin ess Goal To patronize, sponsor and encouraged games and sports, entertainment and other socio-economic activities alongside providing the best services to the client. The Future thrust Full duplex on-line Banking Introducing more innovative products and services Opening new branches Expansion of business network at home and abroad SMS Banking Introduction of new liability / Asset products Corporate Culture Employees of NBL share certain common values, which helps to create a NBL culture. The client comes first Search for professional excellence Openness to new ideas new methods to encourage creativity Quick decision making Flexibility and prompt response A sense of professional ethics Growth and Development of NBL The NBL carries out all traditional functions, which a commercial bank performs such as mobilization of the deposit, investment of funds, financing export and import business, trade and commerce and industry. The banking sector in the country faced different problems thought the year. Even through the board and management never stopped its effort to maximize wealth, which is reflected by 143.97percent profit growth in 2007, highest ever in the last 15 years. The bank earned the 676.45 core revenue in 2007 as interest, income from investment and commission exchange earning, which who Tk. 530:69 corer in the provision year. As a result the total operating profit rode to Tk. 221.51 corer in 2007 from Tk.114.68 corer in the previous year. Branches of NBL NBL, which was started at Dilkusha Branch on March 23rd, 1983, was the first major commercial Bank. In Bangladesh operating throughout the country as well as the age of the bank is only 25 years .During this period it has established total 112 branches over the country and made smooth network inside the country as well as thought the world. The number of branches as well as territory wise is mentioned in the table.

The Irish Troubles: Yeats Poetry Essay -- Writing Writers Literature

The Irish Troubles: Yeat's Poetry William Butler Yeats, born in Dublin, Ireland [June 13, 1865], is considered by many to be one of the greatest English-language poets of the 20th century. The following exposition, grounded on the hypothesis that Yeats’ poetry was resolutely influenced by the political occurrences of that time period, will give biographical information, a recounting of the political upheaval during that period, specific poetry excerpts/critical analysis and validation of hypothesis. William Butler Yeats is one of the many famous names to come from the original Golden Dawn. "His poetry and writings were a display of his passion for mysticism and the Occult Sciences"(www.webus.com/hogd/bioyeats.html). He received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1924. Yeats realized early on the oppression and austerity that both he and his fellow countrymen endured. Yeats’ father was a lawyer, who later pursued a career as a painter. In 1867, the family followed him to London, where William spent most of his youth. Upon his return to Dublin, Yeats furthered his studies at the Metropolitan School of Art. "As a writer Yeats made his debut in 1885, when he published his first poems in The Dublin University Review"(www.kifjasto.sci/wbyeats.htm). In 1887 the family returned to Bedford Park and Yeats devoted himself to writing. Later in 1889, Yeats met his undeniable love, Maude Gonne, an Irish Nationalist, who greatly inspired his poetry. However, Maude later married Major John MacBride. "At the start of the Irish Civil War Yeats went to Oxford, but returned then to Dublin, becoming a Senator in the same year. As a politician Yeats defended Protestant interests and took pro-Treaty stance against Republicans. In 1932 Ye... ...likely that anyone reading this article can image "sensible" violence and most of us simply find the lack of civil behavior to be far beyond anything we can understand. It seemed to me that it would be appropriate to try and shed some light on the so-called "troubles" because the situation in Northern Ireland exceeds several lifetimes and yet appears incomprehensible" (//www.ftlcomm.com/ensign/ireland/ireland2.html). To conclude, Ireland has faced years of prejudice, suppression, and tyranny. Yeats, like many other nationalists recognized this and in his own way attempted to address these issues by publicly announcing his contempt for this discrimination, through poetry, but to no avail. As we can see, these troubles continue to challenge the citizens of Ireland. Perhaps, one day this persecution will cease to exist, but for now it is an existing way of life!

Stem Cell Research - Genetically Unstable Stem Cells Essay -- Genetic

   A new study of problems in cloning suggests that embryonic stem cells are "surprisingly genetically unstable" in mice and perhaps in humans as well. This "may complicate efforts to turn the cells into cures," and interfere with efforts to produce all-purpose cell lines that could reliably become tissue of any desired type. "You may have to establish hundreds of lines to get the few you'd want to have," Dr. John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University now says. Establishing hundreds of these cell lines could require destroying many thousands of human embryos, and replenishing them with thousands more when the original cell lines become too unstable for further use. Perhaps most troubling is the news that these researchers deleted from their final paper a reference to this problem, believing that any public acknowledgment of such setbacks has become too "politically sensitive." We can only wonder how much of this kind of information is being withheld without detection. We have reache d a stage in this discussion where, on the side supporting destructive embryo research, science is becoming subservient to politics.    Most Christians have grave concerns on this critically important issue of embryonic stem cell research. In our view, conducting research that relies on deliberate destruction of human embryos for their stem cells is illegal, immoral and unnecessary.    It is illegal because it violates an appropriations rider (the Dickey amendment) passed every year since 1995 by Congress. That provision forbids funding "research in which" human embryos (whether initially created for research purposes or not) are harmed or destroyed outside the womb.(1) National Institutes of Health guidelines approved by the Clinton Admini... ...ency (SCID)-X1 Disease," 288 Science 669-72 (28 April 2000).    16. K. Foss, "Paraplegic regains movement after cell procedure," The Globe and Mail (Toronto), June 15, 2001 at A1.    17. E. Ryan et al., "Glycemic Outcome Post Islet Transplantation," Abstract #33-LB, Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, June 24, 2001. See: http://38.204.37.95/am01/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts/NumberResults.asp?idAbs=33-LB.    18. M. McCullough, "Islet transplants offer hope that diabetes can be cured," Philadelphia Inquirer, June 22, 2001 at A1.    19. D. Woodbury et al., "Adult Rat and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate Into Neurons," 61 J. of Neuroscience Research 364-70 (2000) at 364 (emphasis added).    20. D. Prockop, "Stem Cell Research Has Only Just Begun" (Letter), 293 Science 211-2 (13 July 2001)(citations omitted).

An Approach Model for Employees’ Improving Quality of Work

Iranian J Publ Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 Original Article An Approach Model for Employees' Improving Quality of Work Life (IQWL) *H Dargahi 1, J Nasle Seragi 2 1 Dept. of Health Care Management, School of Allied Health Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran 2 Dept. of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Iran Abstract ch Keywords: Quality of life, Model, Employees, Iran ive Background: Organizational features can affect how employers view on their QWL is an important consideration for employees interested in improving employees' job satisfaction. The research reported here aimed to provide the processes used to investigate and implement a pathway for TUMS Employees Improving of Quality of Work Life as an approach model. Methods: A Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was formed to focus on enhancing TUMS employees' quality of work life. In the next step 30 QWL teams consisting of managers and employees were conducted in each of 15 as all of TUMS Hospitals. Committee members identified similar key themes of dissatisfaction. Based on the key themes identified, a survey was developed by QWL Strategic Planning by the questionnaires which distributed to 942 employees and 755 of them were returned. The collected data were saved by SPSS software and analyzed by statistical method. Results: The results from the survey showed that the perceived strongest areas among 12 categories developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that employees agreed to improve on their QWL were communication, leadership monetary an non- monetary compensation and support. This committee evaluated the outcomes of QWL managers and employees teams to improve the employees, quality of work life at 15 TUMS Hospitals. Conclusion: The QWL Strategic Planning Committee recommend a new approach model to suggest the ways which impressive on the employees' improving QWL. Introduction There is not a common accepted definition for quality of work life. In health care organizations, such as hospitals, quality of work life (QWL) has been described as referring to the strengths and weakness in total work environment (1). Organizational features can affect how employees view on their quality of work life. It is an important consideration for employees' to be interested in improving their job satisfaction (2). Organizational features such as policies and procedures, leadership style, operations, and general contextual factors have a profound effect on how employees view the quality of their work life. QWL is an umbrella term which includes many concepts. Because the perceptions held by Ar of SI employees play an important role in their decision to enter, stay with or leave an organization, it is important that employees' perceptions be included when assessing QWL (3). Achievement of the improving quality of work life (IQWL) promotes the better use of existing workforce skills and increased employees involvement. Most importantly, it encourages and supports the enhancement of the internal skills base to create a more professional, motivated and efficient working environment. There are several frameworks used by organizations to improve their performance through the development of their employees. The standard framework supports continuous improvement by encouraging managers to evaluate the internal 81 *Corresponding author: Tel: +98 21 88965608, Fax: +98 21 88951775, E-mail: [email  protected] ums. ac. ir D (Received 19 Jan 2007; accepted 6 Aug 2007) www. SID. ir H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Materials and Methods To assist in achieving defined objectives and recognition of quality work life issues and indicators, the Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was formed in Tehran university of Medical Sciences. T he members of this committee were two hospital medical managers, two hospital administrators and one occupational health expert teamed to gather to determine strategic planning and priority to focus on enhancing the quality of work life of TUMS Employees. In the first meeting, this committee ensured a continued commitment to improve and focus on the QWL of TUMS Hospitals' Employees as an approach model and recommended that 30 QWL teams consisting of mangers and employees were conducted in all fifteen of TUMS hospitals. Manager’s teams were formed with TUMS Hospitals Nursing Administrators and Head of Clinical and Supportive departments. Employee’s teams were formed with representatives of TUMS Nursing, Supportive and Paramedical employees. QWL committee members spent additional time to gather the information about the employees' improving QWL at each hospital. Following sev- ive ch 82 Ar of SI Results functions which shape their organizations, effectiveness. Such functions include performance management mechanisms, employee’s career development, and employees’ involvement. A tried a tested framework allows health care organizations such as hospitals to address key issues that are of concern for hospitals (4). Therefore, a high QWL is essential for health care organizations to continue to attract and retain employees (5). QWL is a comprehensive program designated to improve employees' satisfaction (6). Several studies found a strong relationship between job satisfaction and QWL for health care organizations' employees (7). The research reported aimed to provide the processes used to investigate and implement a pathway for TUMS Hospitals' Employees as an approach model to improve QWL for them. eral meetings, 30 QWL teams identified similar key common themes of dissatisfaction. These data are showed in Fig. 1. QWL teams declared these data to QWL Strategic Planning Committee. At first, based on the identified key themes a total of 12 areas were developed by the QWL Strategic Planning Committee (Fig. 2). In the next step, a cross- sectional, descriptive and analytical survey with 942 employees as 20% of total employees at 15 TUMS hospitals were asked to rate of their agreement or disagreement in relation to a series of statements using Lickert Type Scale were developed by QWL Committee as shown in Fig. 2. However, the questionnaires were distributed to 15 TUMS Hospitals’ Employees and 755 of them were returned, the response rate achieved to 90%. A number of employees were chosen to offer written comments. Many of the comments mirrored those that were made in the QWL Teams and Strategic Planning Committee. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results were broken into four sections of employees just managers, nurses, supportive (non- clinical) and paramedical employees. – 2/3 of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied because they could not participate in decision-making. – Only 20% of the respond ants indicated that they were satisfied and very satisfied with their job motivation. – 54. % of the respondents believed that their managers and supervisors did not observe fundamentals of human relations in their hospitals. – 2/3 of the respondents had not trust to their senior management. – The vast majority (96. 9%) of the respondents indicated that they are paid not enough. – The vast majority (98. 4%) of the respondents indicated that they were unsatisfied wi th their job welfare. D www. SID. ir Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 – The vast majority (92. 3%) of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied with cash payment to them. All of the employees expressed that they were unsatisfied with non cash payment to them. 72. 3% of the employees believed that they were unsatisfied with support from their supervisors. According to the results, there were no observable differences among the four groups in their rating of respect. †¢ Human resource issues relating to workload and staffing †¢ Management practices †¢ Leadership issues †¢ Inadequate rewards and income †¢ Loss of respect , trust and income among people †¢ More involvement in decision making Identified need from assistance for employees to deal with burnout and change †¢ Care taking function is not supported by TUMS Hospitals as a whole Fig. 1: Dissatisfaction Themes form employees and managers QWL teams. 1. 2. 3. 4 . 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Organization commitment Trust Ar Fig. 2: Set of 12 dissatisfaction measures developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee ch Support 11. Respect Monetary Compensation Non monetary Compensation Leadership Attendance management Communication between managers and employees Communication between managers and managers 0. Overall Communication 12. Recognition ive of SI 83 D www. SID. ir †¢ Poor communication between employees and management H Dargahi, J Nasle Seragi: An Approach Model for†¦ Fig. 3: New Structural Approach Model to improve QWL at TUMS Hospitals, 2005 Discussion The results showed that the perceived strongest areas among 12 categories developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that employees agreed to improve on their QWL, were communication, leadership, monitory and non monitory compensation , and support. High scores for poor communication were noted between managers/supervisors with employees need improvement. Though, the developments of a à ¢â‚¬Å"communication strategy† suggest establishing clear communication focusing on linkages between managers and employees. The most important predictable QWL belief the organization carries out is mission statement, good communication, good organization support for training and development, good decision latitude and being satisfied with the organizations recognition of employees' contribution (8). Areas outlined for leadership improvement include visibility of senior leaders, increased awareness of employees' needs and perspectives including increasing of opportunities for participitation in decision making. Canadian Nurses Association Position Statement identified the following elements for which stakeholders in health care field have a responsibility: †¢ Staffing decisions based on existence with direct input from professional nurses. †¢ Opportunities for nurses at all levels to participate in decision making. 84 Ar h ive of SI †¢ Support for nurses to use e vidence- based decision making (9). – A formal, organization- wide system of monetary and non monetary compensation and rewarding employees for their accomplishments would be highly beneficial. Increased workload and fiscal restraint occurred in recent years, left employees feeling pressure in their jobs. It seems that the support structure at 15 TUMS Hospitals should be reviewed for improvement and available to employees, including review of workload and support from supervisors. Wood ward† studied about supervisor social support scale included supervisor helpfulness. Concern the welfare of employees and ability to facilitate effective interaction among employees in a large teaching hospital at Ontario (10). The information that gathered and analyzed by QWL managers’ teams and QWL employees teams in each TUMS Hospitals represented to QWL Strategic Planning Committee. QWL Strategic Planning Committee evaluated the results from this survey and developed new approa ch model to improve the employees, QWL at 15 TUMS Hospitals (Fig 3). The Chancellor's Coordinating Committee on QWL was formed late 2002 to provide a point of coordination and support to advance the QWL for University of California's Employees. The committee focused on three areas- communications, training and rewards. Recognition all of which D www. SID. ir Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2007, pp. 81-86 were identified as priorities by the chancellors based on results of employees survey (11). One of the initial goal of the QWL Strategic Planning Committee was the collaborative effort to define what an organization looks like with a high QWL. The committee created the following philosophy, which continuous to be celebrated to day: An organization with a high QWL is an organization that promotes and maintains a work environment that results in excellence in everything it does-by ensuring open communication, respect, recognition, truss, support, well being and satisfaction of its members, both personality and professionalism. The results of a survey were conducted in Canada at 2001 showed that QWL is a multidimensional construct and a global evaluation of one's workplace and context. The implications of these finding are currently being deliberated as they relate to improving QWL with each health care organization (12). The QWL Strategic Planning Committee recommend 15 TUMS hospitals as new approach model to suggest the ways which impressive on the employees improving QWL as below : – Communication: It investigates the ways not only to enhance employees skills on the quality assurance system, but to keep the system updated and organized, ensuring edified and easily available. Reward and recognition: It will significantly improve one initiative includes the development of a â€Å"star performer† program to allow all employees to recognize each other. Any employee that receives a star performer note is visited by TUMS Hospital Senior Management and presented with a â€Å"QWL Star â€Å"to recognize how important each of them is to the organization. – Attendance Management: It suggests turning the pre-existing attendance management policy from one that appears to punish employees for absenteeism, to one that rewarded employees for working to reduce their absenteeism. This may be achieved by developing a reward system for employees who worked for a three- month period without taking on unscheduled day off. Each ch ive quarter, a draw is held for prizes. To create further incentives, approval is received to create a grand prize for employees not to take day off and do additional work. There will be very positive feedback from employees and resulting in a reduction in absenteeism. – Leadership: It investigates leadership and literature attempting firstly to gain a better understanding of leadership techniques to find how practices at each TUMS Hospitals. The outcome to date is the development of a leadership education program to educate our management on the concept of leadership. – Support and Decision Making: It investigates employees participitation in decision making is a good opportunities to be satisfied with their job. QWL in Health Care Services organizations accreditation is a major step forward. Many concurrent initiatives across Canada address employees QWL needs and concerns from different angles. There is also significant progress in this direction in the United Status where the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO) has committed to improve the quality of health care work place (13). We look forward to perform our Approach Model outcomes to improve QWL of TUMS Hospitals Employees in future. Ar of SI References Acknowledgements We would like to thank Medical Sciences/Tehran University Hospitals senior managers and employees because this survey would not have been possible without their assistance. This research has been supported by Medical Sciences/Tehran University. The authors declare that they have no Conflict of Interests. 1. Knox S, Irving JA (1997). Interactive quality of work life model applied to organization. Jona, 271:39-47. 2. Kruger P (2002). Organization predictors of job satisfaction findings from Canadian mul85 D www. 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